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近代佛教與政治之互動－以民國時期南京的佛教改革為例=The Interaction of the State and Buddhism: A Study on the Reformation of Buddhism in Republican Nanjing |
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| Author |
邵佳德 (著)=Shao Jiade (au.)
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| Source |
新史學=New History
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| Volume | v.27 n.4 |
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| Date | 2016.12.01 |
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| Pages | 109 - 165 |
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| Publisher | 新史學雜誌社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://saturn.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/~huangkc/nhist/
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為南京大學哲學系宗教學系助理研究員。 |
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| Keyword | 國民政府=republican government; 佛教改革=Buddhist reformation; 南京=Nanjing |
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| Abstract | 1927至1949年間，南京市各屆政府都進行了改造佛教及建設首都模範佛教社群的努力，總體來看無論是早期激進的毀廟逐僧還是後期緩和的整頓利用，政府的各項改革計劃落實到地方上均收效有限。究其原因，除了僧人和信眾對政府強權的抵制，更重要的是佛教寺僧已經成為近代政治博弈的場域和砝碼，致使不同背景的政治團體或個人(而非概念化的國家)對待佛教的態度有所差別，所以佛教能在政治集團的競爭和內耗中繼續生存、發展。近代國家與佛教呈現的實際是相互鑲嵌的關係和雙向互動的模式，並非單向的壓制管控，也不是兩個可以截然分清的獨立領域間的競爭或協商。
The various municipal governments of Nanjing between 1927 and 1949 tried to reform Buddhism and build an ideal Buddhist community. However, neither radical nor moderate strategies made much progress in reforming local practices. Previous scholarship has tended to explain this failure by focusing on the resistance put up by monks and believers. This
article takes another approach by highlighting the how different political groups and individuals (rather than a hypothesized “state”) adopted distinct attitudes towards Buddhism because Buddhist monks and temples had
become bargaining chips in an arena of modern politics in China. Buddhism could continue to survive in the interstices created by the competition and internal friction of political groups. The so-called “state” affected Buddhism and was affected by Buddhism. Yet Buddhism was neither a religion suppressed by the state, nor an independent realm that could negotiate with the government. In fact, the “state” and modern Buddhism were mutually imbricated. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 110
二、改革佛教──從毀廟逐僧到監管整頓 112
(一)取締寺廟中的儀式活動 113
(二)拆除小廟 117
(三)僧侶之監督與管理 120
(四)廟產興學 123
三、廟產興都──首都建設中的佛寺 126
四、抗戰及戰後的佛寺狀況 136
五、佛教改造的局限及原因 144
(一)僧人的抵制 146
(二)政界佛教徒的庇護 147
(三)作為權力爭奪場域的佛寺 149
(四)地方政府與黨部的立場差異 152
六、結語 154
徵引書目 159 |
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| ISSN | 10232249 (P) |
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| Hits | 275 |
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| Created date | 2020.09.23 |
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| Modified date | 2020.10.16 |
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