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《法華經》於中國佛教的判教地位 — 從鳩摩羅什到法藏=The Position of the Lotus Sūtra in the Theories of Teaching Classification in Chinese Buddhism: From Kumārajīva to Fa-tsang
Author 黃國清 (著)
Source 世界宗教學刊=Journal of World Religions
Volumen.16
Date2010.12.01
Pages41 - 94
Publisher南華大學宗教學研究所
Publisher Url https://rel3.nhu.edu.tw/
Location嘉義縣, 臺灣 [Chia-i hsien, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note作者單位:南華大學宗教學研究所助理教授
Keyword法華經=the Lotus Sūtra; 判教=theories of teaching classification; 南北朝佛學=Buddhism in Southern and Northern Dynasties; 天台佛學=Ten-tai Buddhism; 隋唐諸宗=Buddhist Schools in Sui and Tang Dynasties
Abstract《法華經》自鳩摩羅什漢譯後,對中國佛教思想深具影響。隨佛教經論持續譯出,及中國注家對《法華》的詮釋差異,此經判教地位處於變遷狀態。大乘《涅槃經》譯出前,佛教學者將《法華》與《般若》對比,重視兩經義理的互補功能,不做淺深分判。《涅槃》納入判教後,最初仍強調經典教義的相須性,也隱含淺深分判的雛形。判教學說繼續發展,淺深分判更形明確。南北朝《涅槃》佛性義極受推崇,《法華》未明佛性常住,一般判於《涅槃》之下。淨影慧遠反對淺深排列,重經典的互補意義,主張諸經教義都會通於法界真性緣起之義。他也指出《法華》說佛性,不淺於《涅槃》。南嶽慧思對《法華》做精深詮釋,確立其經王地位。智顗以天台圓教詮解《法華》,其判教論為此經爭取獨特地位。有別於《華嚴》只針對大機眾生,《法華》先以他經調熟聽眾,再演說圓教,落實令所有聽眾成佛的意趣。依其化法四教與化儀四教,也賦與《法華》至高圓滿的意義。其後《法華》地位獲得肯定,各宗宗匠須加回應,但地位有所調降。吉藏主張所有經典通於無得正觀之旨,差別為施教方便。他依《法華》判三種 法輪,以《法華》為一代教化之終,包羅頓漸、具足三輪,評價甚高。窺基將《法華》與他經並列最高教,但以唯識中道為最高教旨,將《法華》從屬唯識學說。法藏視《華嚴》與《法華》皆為一乘,但《華嚴》為別教一乘,教義不共他經;《法華》為同教一乘,其一乘義連繫三乘,《法華》不如《華嚴》純粹。
Table of contents一、前言 46
二、東晉與南北朝的判釋 47
三、《法華經》於天台判教的特殊地位 64
(一)慧思確立經王之功 65
(二)智顗彰明此經獨特地位 67
四、隋唐諸師的《法華經》地位判釋 75
(一)三論宗吉藏的判釋 76
(二)唯識宗窺基判釋 80
(三)華嚴宗法藏的判釋 82
四、結語 87
ISSN1728645X (P)
Hits464
Created date2020.11.12
Modified date2022.06.10



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