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聖嚴法師對《法華經》的當代詮釋=Venerable Sheng Yen’s Modern Interpretation on the Lotus Sutra |
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| Author |
黃國清 (著)=Huang, Kuo-ching (au.)
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| Source |
聖嚴研究：第一輯=Studies of Master Sheng Yen No.1
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| Date | 2010.03 |
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| Pages | 207 - 249 |
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| Publisher | 法鼓文化 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ddc.com.tw/
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Series | 聖嚴思想論叢 |
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| Series No. | 1 |
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| Content type | 專題研究論文=Research Paper |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：南華大學宗教學所助理教授=Assistant Professor, Graduate Institude of Religious Studies
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| Abstract | 一、研究主題
《法華經》自印度傳來中國，經中蘊含寬廣深妙的思想，加上鳩摩羅什的譯筆清新曉暢，致使此經對中國佛教傳統產生深遠的影響。佛教經典中包含為數眾多的專用術語與印度名物詞，加上使用一種特殊的變體漢語以翻譯經文，對今日的學佛大眾而言，存在許多閱讀上的障礙，需要優良的現代註解以消釋疑難與顯明義理。聖嚴法師長期精進鑽研佛法，繼而留學日本取得佛學博士學位，學養至為深厚，著作種類甚多，涉及佛教的各個層面。此外，法師領導法鼓山僧團與學佛大眾學習佛法，長期在台灣與世界各地主持精進禪修，具有深度的實修體驗。他結合學術訓練與實修經驗疏解 《法華經》，以現代表達方式闡釋經典文句，並重視修行方法的提點，給予當代社會極佳的研經指引。
本文從詮釋方法與思想特色兩個面向探討聖嚴法師的《絕妙說法──法華經講要》對《法華經》的當代詮釋。藉由詮釋方法的考察，論析書中包含哪些主要註釋內容，對經典文句採取何種註釋體例與訓解方法，以適應現代學佛者的經典閱讀需要。在思想特色這個面向的討論，通過對全書的細密研讀，歸納出法師反覆述說或蘊含特殊意義的幾個論點，闡釋其法華思想。
二、適應時代的詮釋方法
《法華經講要》在詮釋方法上的特色包括:
(一)參考天台科判，分此經為跡門與本門，以貫穿全經脈絡與展示一經梗概。《法華經》前後部分論說的主題不同，天台科判將其巧妙地貫通起來，法師沿用這種科分方式，但說解內容更為平淺易懂。
(二)不做整部經典的逐文釋義，摘取經文進行註解，略去無關緊要的部分，利於繁忙的現代讀者快速了解全經意旨。法師認為此種方式不僅無損經義，反有利於經義的呈顯。
(三)訓詁內容主要為解釋佛教名相與串講文句意義，前者經常引經據典以詳加解明，後者大抵以淺白筆法直接闡述意旨。對印度名物詞與佛教典制的解釋例子較少，無形中減輕讀者的理解負擔。整體而言，表達方式深入淺出，兼顧到前後諸品連結的展示、文句深層意義的闡發、佛教名相的詳解、實踐層面的指導，頗能契合當代學佛大眾在理解經義與生活實踐上的需要。
三、聖嚴法師的法華思想
關於聖嚴法師法華思想的特色，表現在三個面向:
(一)眾生成佛的思想:《講要》中反覆論及一切眾生成佛的意義，並以本具佛性做為眾生成佛的依據，將《法華經》與佛性義理和禪宗思想作整體的貫通。尤其是在第二品到第九品會歸聲聞入一佛乘的部分，即以一切眾生成佛之旨 做為詮釋的主軸。
(二)佛身永住的深義:《講要》參照天台的詮釋，強調佛身永住與三身圓融，報身以法身為依據，於成佛後永久存在世間化導眾生。此義可令佛教行者生起與佛同在之感，支撐實踐菩薩道的信願。
(三)人間淨土的理念:聖嚴法師倡導人間淨土的建設，《法華經》中與此最相關的部分是〈如來壽量品〉的 「靈山淨土」與〈方便品〉的「信願成佛」。淨土就在娑婆世界，不必離開世間另求淨土。相信世尊的淨土就在這個世界，通過佛法實踐將其揭顯，這個過程同時是在建設人間淨土，佛陀的淨土與行者的淨土相即相入。
以上三點，前兩點在古代註釋家中已有人提出，但聖嚴法師表述得較古德更為鮮明，尤其是眾生成佛的觀念。這些是他想傳達給閱讀者的重要領會，與此經的一乘意趣甚為相應，其中也蘊含大乘佛教的實踐關懷。後一點將《法華經》與法鼓山的理念連結起來，鼓勵淨化此岸世間的佛法修學。
I. Research Theme
The great and profound thoughts contained in the Lotus Sutra and Kumarajiva’s excellent Chinese translation of this canon have made the text have a great influence on the Chinese Buddhist tradition. In addition to this, there are numerous Buddhist technical terms and terms of Indian things exist in Buddhist texts, and the translation used in ancient China is a kind of hybrid Chinese which combines classic Chinese with elements of ancient spoken Chinese and Indian languages. These have become obstacles to the understanding of the Lotus Sutra for contemporary readers. Therefore, a good modern commentary on the Chinese version of this text is necessary to overcome the obstacles and expound its meaning and signicance. Venerable Sheng Yen has long been devoted to the study of Buddhism and earned a doctoral degree in Japan. He is well versed in Buddhist theories and has published extensively in various aspects of Buddhism. Furthermore, based on his deep spiritual experience, the Venerable guides the members of sangha in Dharma Drum Mountain and millions of lay-disciples to practice dharma for a very long time. He conducts numerous Chan retreats in Taiwan and over the world. Venerable Sheng Yen combines his academic background with practical spiritual experience when interpreting the Lotus Sutra. He uses modern expressions to explain the sentences of the text with some focus on Buddhism cultivation and thus offers an excellent commentary on this text for the contemporary society.
The present article discusses The Venerable’s Wondrous Dharma-teaching: A Core Commentary on the Lotus Sutra from two aspects: methods of interpretation and characteristics of thought. With regard to the former, we analyze the main contents of exegesis, the stylistic rules, and ways of annotation, to see how this work responds to the needs and reading ability of contemporary Buddhist students. As regards the characteristics of thought, through carefully examining the whole book, we present the special ideas repeatedly mentioned by the Venerable.
2. Methods of Interpretation Applicable to the Modern Time
The characteristics of the interpretation methods in A Core Commentary on the Lotus Sutra include:
(1)The Venerable borrows Tian-tai’s context analysis (科判)of the Lotus Sutra and divides this sutra into two parts: “superficial division”(跡門)and “original division”(本門).
The Lotus Sutra contains very different themes in these two parts, and Tian-Tai’s context analysis ingeniously links them up. The Venerable also uses this structure to thread the whole text |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 210
二、適應時代的詮釋方法 211
(一) 科判運用與篇幅配置 212
(二) 註釋體例與訓解方法 218
1. 註釋體例的考察 219
2. 訓解方法的評析 223
三、聖嚴法師的法華思想 227
(一) 唯一佛乘與眾生成佛 228
(二) 佛身永住的實踐意涵 234
(三) 人間淨土的義理發揮 240
四、結論 244 |
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| Hits | 411 |
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| Created date | 2021.07.21 |
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| Modified date | 2021.07.21 |
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