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聖嚴法師在臺灣法鼓教團 推動天台教觀的努力 ──以《天台心鑰》一書為中心=Venerable Sheng Yen’s Effort to Promote Tiantai Teaching and Meditation in the Dharma Drum Mountain Buddhist Groups in Taiwan With Special Focus on His Book: A Key to the Central Ideas of Tiantai Buddhism |
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黃國清 (著)=Huang, Kuo-ching (au.)
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| Source |
聖嚴研究：第三輯=Studies of Master Sheng Yen No.3
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| Date | 2012.06 |
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| Pages | 349 - 386 |
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| Publisher | 法鼓文化 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ddc.com.tw/
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Series | 聖嚴思想論叢 |
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| Series No. | 3 |
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| Content type | 專題研究論文=Research Paper |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：南華大學宗教學研究所助理教授
Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Religious Studies, Nanhua University |
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| Keyword | 聖嚴法師=Venerable Sheng Yen; 天台教觀=Tiantai teaching and meditation; 天台心鑰=A Key to the Central Ideas of Tiantai; 法鼓教團=Dharma Drum Mountain Buddhist Groups |
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| Abstract | 聖嚴法師為當代漢傳佛教界高僧，廣泛鑽研佛教經論，並有深厚禪修體驗，一生在華人社群與西方世界孜孜不倦地弘揚佛法，宣講淺深各種層次的佛教教義與實踐方法，攝受社會各界各階層人士，期望將地球社區建設為人間淨土。法師稟承禪宗傳承，通達中印佛學，在其生命的最後幾年深感中國佛學的價值遭致忽略，因而積極推廣漢傳佛學，講論其精義與價值，更苦心撰寫數部中國佛典註釋書，選書範圍涵蓋多個宗派，以引領當代學佛者認識中國佛學的深廣內涵及吸收古代祖師的佛法領悟。《天台心鑰 ─ 教觀綱宗貫註》是法師推廣最力的一書，他於百忙中為《教觀綱宗》做出精心註解，在法鼓山教團親自授課培養教學人才，致力使這本書成為當代佛教徒了解中國佛學思想理念與修證次第的入門書。聖嚴法師撰述此書的重要意義與推動閱讀的實施步驟，以及推廣過程的困難及目前運作的狀況，分成以下幾點而論。
一、對於許多學佛者主張南傳佛教與藏傳佛教較具修行階次，批評漢傳佛教缺乏次第引導，聖嚴法師不以為然，因此引介明末智旭這部講述天台教學與修證位次的綱要著作，以幫助當代學佛者掌握古代中國義學大師統攝佛教經論多元教義之宏大思想體系的精華，以及對佛教多層教說（藏、通、別、圓）之各階修證體驗的指引。天台佛學強調止觀雙修，閱讀聖嚴法師這本著作也能為當代參禪者提供重要指導，充實有利禪修體悟的觀法內涵，及避免將淺層經驗誤為深層體證。
二、《天台心鑰》一書在〈緒論〉部分介紹天台佛學背景與《教觀綱宗》的相關資訊，然後對原文進行逐段的語譯與註解，使本來表述甚為簡奧、充滿佛教名相的古代原著具備當代的可讀性，為這部典籍的普及推廣奠定基礎。聖嚴法師運用其豐厚的佛學素養，以現代語言深入淺出地一一註解名相，串講整段文句意義，使更多學佛者得以親近這本著作。
三、一部具深度的佛學著作的推廣，須有一群人先能獲得某種程度的理解，再引導和鼓勵更多的人參與閱讀，讀書會的有效組織與運作至關重要。聖嚴法師於是分兩次召集法鼓山的精選人才，群聚法鼓園區由他親自導讀，帶領大眾閱讀和討論《天台心鑰》，獲得初步的成果。隨後由法鼓山佛學推廣中心接棒，幾位講師分工講授《天台心鑰》各章，以訓練讀書會種子成員。此後，另有講師在法鼓山分院開課及帶領讀書會，使推廣工作又有所進展。
四、天台佛學畢竟是一門高階的佛法課程，非經數年光陰的用心研讀，實難於理解；由義理理解到實踐運用又需一段時間。《天台心鑰》的讀書會種子成員絕大多數非佛學專業人才，遑論是天台止觀教學的專門研究者，若無通達天台學的教師持續開課，使他們獲得充實與解惑的機會，則容易陷入學習迷惘，澆熄原本的學習熱情。若第一代的優秀讀書會種子無法培訓出來，推廣事業必難以為繼。今日法鼓山全球資訊網站上的佛學課程與讀書會主題未見《天台心鑰》，似乎反映困難無法有效突破。
Venerable Sheng Yen was an eminent Buddhist master in history of modern Chinese Buddhism. He had a profound and thorough understanding of Buddhist texts, as well as deep meditation experiences. His efforts to transform the world into a “pure land” can be witnessed through his lifetime effort to spread Chinese Buddhist doctrine and methods of practice to both Chinese communities and the western worlds. He felt that Chinese Buddhism has not been properly valued. As a Buddhist monk following the Chinese Chan tradition and as a scholar who has studied Indian and Chinese Buddhist theories, he actively promoted the study and practice of Chinese Buddhism especially during the last phase of his life. He focused on the main ideas and tenets of Chinese Buddhism in order to help modern Buddhists appreciate the profundity of Chinese Buddhist theory and the wisdom of ancient Chinese masters. He wrote commentaries to several classic Chinese Buddhist texts written by famous masters from various Chinese Buddhist traditions. Among them, A Key to the Central Ideas of Tiantai Buddhism: A Commentary on Jiao-guan-gang- zong(天台心鑰─ 教觀綱宗貫註)is perhaps the book that Venerable devoted most of his efforts. The Jiao-guan-gang-zong
was written by Ouyi Zhixu of the Ming Dynasty. The Venerable taught his work personally to a select group of Dharma Drum Mountain reading club facilitators with the hope of making his commentary the guide to disseminating Chinese Buddhism. The significance of writing this book, the methods through which the book is designed to be promoted, and the difficulties confronted in the process of disseminating this book in reading clubs are summed up as follow:
1. Many Buddhists assert that Theravāda Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism articulate a more defined Buddhist practice than that of Chinese Buddhism, which is criticized as being without any stages of practice. Venerable Sheng Yen challenged this assertion by introducing a work by Zhixu. The Venerable’s work expounds Tiantai Buddhism’s central ideas and stages of practice in the structure of its fourfold model of the Buddhist path (i.e., the Tripi aka Teachings; the Common Teachings; the Distinct Teachings; and the Perfect Teachings). As the teaching of Tiantai School emphasizes the integration of calming (śamatha) and contemplation (vipaśyanā), a close examination of this book by the Venerable would provide modern Buddhists with a wealth of resources for furthering their practice and avoid mistaking shallow meditational experiences as profound insights.
2. In the introductory chapter of this book, the Venerable introduces the background of Tiantai Buddhism and some information about Zhixu’s work, Jiao-guan-gang-zong. In the subsequent chapters, he interprets the text sentence by sentence, providing modern readers with commentarie |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 352
二、天台教觀的實踐價值及其現代化課題 353
三、《天台心鑰》的著作旨趣與註釋方法 364
四、《天台心鑰》的推廣步驟與所面對的難題 375
(一) 聖嚴法師親自講授此書與帶領讀書研討 376
(二) 法鼓山講師群的聯合授課 378
(三) 各地分支機構的開課與讀書會 380
五、結論 382 |
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| Hits | 384 |
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| Created date | 2021.07.23 |
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| Modified date | 2021.07.23 |
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