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茅子元《圓融四土三觀選佛圖》的教化意涵
Author 李聖俊
Source 大專學生佛學論文集2014
Date2014
Pages1 - 28
Publisher華嚴蓮社
Publisher Url https://www.huayencollege.org/index.php
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type專題研究論文=Research Paper
Language中文=Chinese
Keyword白蓮宗; 茅子元; 廬山蓮宗寶鑑; 圓融四土三觀選佛圖; 凡聖同居土
Abstract南宋時期,出身天台宗的茅子元,在定中開悟後,由於追慕東晉廬山慧遠結社念佛的風,乃施設「普覺妙道」的宗旨創建白蓮宗,普勸男女修習淨業,以
宣揚彌陀淨土法門為本懷。茅子元曾被誣以「事魔之罪」流放江州,但他多採用淺顯易懂的教化方式接引大眾,廣受庶民階層的喜愛,後蒙宋高宗頒賜「白蓮導師」、「慈照宗主」,在當代頗具影響力。天台宗僧人宗鑑的《釋門正統》及志磐的《佛祖統紀》雖提及茅子元的事蹟,但多從強烈的宗派立場來批判茅子元為異端,並未深入探討白蓮宗的教義。元代優曇普度編撰《廬山蓮宗寶鑑》,保存了較多關於茅子元的史料及著作,完整收錄《圓融四土三觀選佛圖》,被普度讚為「開示蓮宗眼目」的法寶。然而,面對文化水準不高的庶民,茅子元繪製《圓融四土三觀選佛圖》,揭示西方淨土易修易往的殊勝,以圖像攝受徒眾欣求彌陀淨土。《圓融四土三觀選佛圖》以天台宗教理為架構,圓融四土總相之圖則揭櫫一心具足三千萬法的觀念。茅子元承襲天台宗智顗的四種佛國淨土分類的基礎上,提出凡聖同居土、方便勝居土、實報莊嚴土及常寂光淨土,各土皆提出譬喻、圖像、詩偈、表格及解說,以天台教理為思想底蘊,透過通俗易解的解說方式,揭櫫各土行者的根性與修持法門。至於四土的特性,茅子元採用「五重玄義」的「體宗用」作不同次第的編排,反映各土行者的修持法門。茅子元特別以凡聖同居土指涉極樂世界,認為阿彌陀佛的淨土是「三光具足」,使凡聖同居土亦具上三土,申明四土互攝圓融的意涵。
Table of contents提要 1
壹、前言 2
貳、茅子元開創白蓮宗的背景 3
參、《圓融四土三觀選佛圖》的教化意涵 7
一、凡聖同居土 10
二、方便勝居土 15
三、實報莊嚴土 18
四、常寂光淨土 20
五、調融諸宗導歸極樂淨土 22
肆、結語 25
參考文獻 27
Hits480
Created date2021.08.12



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