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《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》與佛教產孕觀－兼論與大理叢書本《佛說長壽命經》之關聯=On The Sūtra of Erasing Sins and Protecting Children for Longevity Taught by the Buddha and its Dali Recension: An Indigenous Buddhist View of Childbirth and Abortion |
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林欣儀 (著)=Lin, Hsin-Yi (au.)
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| Source |
佛光學報=Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.2 新7卷 |
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| Date | 2021.07 |
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| Pages | 129 - 190 |
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| Publisher | 佛光大學佛教研究中心 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://cbs.fgu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》= indigenous Chinese Buddhist scriptures; 《卍續藏經》=Wanxuzangjing; 胎產育兒=childbirth; 中土撰述佛典=Dali Buddhism; 《大理叢書》=Buddhist canon |
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| Abstract | 《卍續藏經》中收有一部《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》（簡稱《長壽滅罪經》），內容講述婦女殺子傷胎的果報與導致流產不孕的原因，並提供父母護佑產孕順利和胎兒成長的經咒。此經譯者雖著錄為唐代佛陀波利，然而根據歷代藏經目錄卻未曾有他譯出此經的證據，也沒有此經曾在中土流傳的蹤跡，以致印順法師（1906－2005）推論此經或為近代日人所撰造。1956年大理法藏寺所發現的古經卷當中，包含一部與此經內容幾乎相同的《佛說長壽命經》。大陸學者伍小劼曾對兩者進行錄文比對，但並未就該經內容、思想、成立與流傳年代進行討論。本文首先考察此部續藏本《長壽滅罪經》之內容，指出此經與另一部北魏譯經《佛說護諸童子陀羅尼經》的相似性，並比較兩者同異。接著，指出《長壽滅罪經》當中關於產血穢地、觸犯地神和宰殺宴饗而遭致惡鬼傷害初產母子的內容和思想，與另外兩部十世紀末以後出現的中土撰述佛典《血盆經》和《地藏菩薩本願經》具有相似之處。此外，《長壽滅罪經》中所載的咒語亦與《入楞伽經》和《大方等大集經》中出現者雷同。本文進一步比較續藏本和大理叢書本在內容、書體和版式上的特色，輔以此經現存於韓國的古本年代，藉此推論其在漢地的可能刻造與流傳時間，或可推溯至十一至十三世紀間，並於十五世紀後流傳於朝鮮。藉由上述文獻考察，不僅有助於理解佛教在胎產和育兒方面的觀念與實踐，也顯示了漢地大藏經與其周邊地域如大理、日韓等地在佛典接納和保存上的不同傾向。
The Sūtra of Erasing Sins and Protecting Children for Longevity Taught by the Buddha, contained in the Xuzang jing collection, describes the karmic retributions of women who had abortions or committed infanticide. It also offers incantations and rituals for repentance, alleviating the psychological burden for mothers. The Xuzang jing version of this scripture attributes the Chinese translation to Buddhapālas of the Tang dynasty. However, Chinese Buddhist catalogues do not include this scripture or even mention its translator. This leads Venerable Yinshun and some later scholars to regard the text as a Japanese production from the early twentieth century, given its first appearance in the Manji zokuzōkyō collection. Fortunately, among the ancient texts discovered at the Fazang Temple in Dali in 1956, there is one text named the Sūtra of Longevity Taught by the Buddha, which contains almost the same content as this scripture. In this article, I first analyze this Longevity Sūtra and identify similarities with another scripture, entitled The Dhārāni Sūtra for Protecting Children Taught by the Buddha, translated in the sixth century during the Northern Wei dynasty. I then identify ideas in the Longevity Sūtra, such as reproductive pollution, the taboo of birth blood offending earth deity, warning of killing animals for banquets after birth, and potential demonic harm on mothers and newborns, which share commonalities with two other well-known indigenous Chinese Buddhist scriptures, the Blood Bowl Sutra and the Sūtra of the Original Vows of Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha. Finally, I compare the format, layout and calligraphy of the Xuzang jing and Dali recensions of the Longevity Sūtra. Through these textual investigations, this paper dates the appearance and circulation of the Longevity Sūtra to a time between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. I also found some existent copies of the scripture dated to the fifteenth century in Korean Buddhist Canon. This indigenous Buddhist scripture not only reveals indigenous Buddhist views regarding childbirth and abortion, it also provides ritual resources for tackling these issues. Its historical disappearance from the Chinese Buddhist canon and its spread to Dali, Korea and Japan further show the different preferences and tendencies for choosing certain scriptures for inclusion in the Buddhist canon in different areas. |
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| Table of contents | 一、從《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》說起 133
二、《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》與《佛說護諸童子陀羅尼經》之比較 138
三、《大理叢書》中的《佛說長壽命經》刻本 150
四、續藏本《佛說長壽滅罪護諸童子陀羅尼經》和大理叢書本《佛說長壽命經》之差異比對 164
五、結語 165
引用書目 187 |
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| ISSN | 24143006 (P) |
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| Hits | 261 |
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| Created date | 2021.11.11 |
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| Modified date | 2023.05.23 |
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