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初期 天台敎團의 戒律=The Vinaya of Early Tiantai Religious Body
Author 崔箕杓 (著)=Choe, Gi-pyo (au.)
Source 한국불교학=韓國佛教學
Volumev.45 n.0
Date2006.08
Pages127 - 154
Publisher한국불교학회
Publisher Url http://ikabs.org/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 금강대학교 불교․복지학부 교수
Keyword立制法; 戒律=vinaya; 淸規; 天台敎團; A dharma on the establishment of a system; rules of discipline; and the Tiantai Religious Body
Abstract智顗가 이끌던 초기의 천태교단은 止觀·참회·예불 등을 일과로 삼는 수행교단이었다. 이들은 계율을 엄격하게 지켰다. 계율이 지켜지지 않으면 삼매가 일어나지 않고 수행이 진전되지 않는다는 지의의 가르침 때문이었다. 초기에는 『四分律』에 의거한 소승계율과 『범망경』에 의거한 대승보살계를 함께 지켰다. 다만 소승계율에 있어서는 그것을 지키지 못했을 때 율장에 따라 처벌하지는 않았고 대승계는 원래 세세한 처벌 규정이 없으므로 이 계율은 자발적으로 지키는 것으로서, 律의 성격보다는 戒의 성격을 갖고 있는 것이었다. 그러나 지의가 없는 사이 수행자들의 자세가 방만해짐에 따라 지의는 기존의 대·소승 계율 가운데 필요한 몇 가지를 선별하고 여기에 처벌 규정과 수행 규정을 더한 교단 규정을 제정하였다. 이것이 『國淸百錄』에 실려 있는 立制法이다. 그 내용은 총 10조목으로서 검소한 의복과 식기의 사용, 싸움과 무고의 금지, 식사예법, 고기·오신채·술을 먹지 말라는 규정, 물자의 공평한 분배 등을 담고 있다. 또한 그리고 매일 네 차례의 참선과 여섯 차례의 예불이 수행일과로서 담겨 있다. 이러한 규정을 지키지 않았을 때는 부처님앞에 예배를 드리거나 대중들에게 참회하고 봉사직분을 맡도록 하였고, 정도가 심하면 교단에서 내보내도록 되어 있다. 이는 선종의 첫 규정으로 알려진 百丈淸規보다 약 2백년 가량 앞선 것으로서 중국불교의 계율이 인도의 계율과 어떻게 다르게 변화하는가를 보여주는 초기의 사례라는 점에서 의미가 깊다.

Early Tiantai(天台) Religious Body led by Zhiyi(지의) was a religious body of practice that made it a rule to make shamatha-vipashyana, to repent of one`s sins, and make prayer chanting. Its members observed its vinaya strictly. It was because their leader taught that samadhi and practice presupposed the observance of vinaya. In the early days they observed Hinayanistic vinaya based on the Four-division Vinaya(四分律) and Mahayanistic Bodhisattva-sila based on Brahamajala Sutra(梵網經). But Hinayanistic vinaya which was not observed did not allow them to be punished according to Vinaya Pitaka, while Mahayanistic sila which originally had no detailed regulations on punishment was voluntarily observed, which was characterized by sila rather than vinaya. Ascetics` loose attitude during the absence of their leader motivated him to enact a regulation of the body resulting from adding regulations on punishment and on practice to some necessary vinaya selected among the existing Mahayanistic and Hinayanistic vinaya. It is `a dharma on the establishment of a system` carried in Gukchungbaekrok(國淸百錄). It includes total ten articles such as use of frugal clothes and tableware, prohibition of fighting and false charge, table manner, a regulation on the prohibition of meat, the Five Hot Vegetables, and liquor, and fair distribution of goods. And in it are Zen meditation practised four times every day and prayer chanting made six times every day as daily routines of practice contained. When one did not observe the regulations, he was made to worship Buddha or repent of his sins before the public and have the obligation to serve others, or if he violated them severely he was destined to be expelled from the body. Approximately two hundred years earlier than the Holy Rule of Baizhang(百丈淸規), which was known as the first regulation of the Zen sect, it is meaningful in that it is the early case which shows how the vinaya of Chinese Buddhism changes differently from Indian vinaya.
Table of contentsⅠ. 서언 129
Ⅱ. 기존 대․소승 계율의 활용 양상 131
Ⅲ. 교단의 새로운 律, 立制法 136
1. 공통의 규칙 137
2. 수행승의 규칙 142
3. 행정승의 규칙 146
Ⅳ. 立制法에 담긴 의미 147
ISSN12250945 (P)
Hits35
Created date2021.12.08
Modified date2021.12.08



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