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Tantric Appearances and Non-Tantric Meanings: Four Systems of between “Maṇḍala of Mantra” in the Buddhist Cakrasaṃvara Literature |
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| Author |
Sugiki, Tsunehiko (著)
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| Source |
International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture=국제불교문화사상사학회
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| Volume | v.31 n.1 |
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| Date | 2021.06 |
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| Pages | 217 - 255 |
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| Publisher | International Association for Buddhist Thought and Culture |
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| Publisher Url |
http://iabtc.org/
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| Location | Seoul, Korea [首爾, 韓國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Author Affiliations: currently a professor at Hiroshima University, Japan |
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| Keyword | Cakrasaṃvara; maṇḍala of mantra; Herukābhidhāna; Kambala; Sādhananidhi; Abhidhānottara |
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| Abstract | Recitation is the most common means of practicing mantras, but it is not the only method. Some Buddhist texts belonging to the Cakrasaṃvara scriptural tradition in early medieval India include discourses that teach visualization of the “maṇḍala of mantra,” i.e., a maṇḍala comprised of deities who are anthropomorphized transformations of letters that constitute either a single mantra or group of mantras. Four of the major mantras in that scriptural tradition, viz., the heart mantra of Heruka, the near-heart mantra of Heruka, the mantra of the six yoginīs, and the heart mantra of Vārāhī, are practiced through visualization of the maṇḍala of mantra. This paper analyzes the forms and functions of the four systems of the “maṇḍala of mantra” taught in the Cakrasaṃvara tradition, focusing on the Herukābhidhānatantra, Kambala’s Sādhananidhi, and the Abhidhānottaratantra.
Analysis demonstrates that the four systems of the maṇḍala of mantra were developed gradually. Firstly, in the Herukābhidhānatantra, the four mantras were taught for recitation to those who practice for mundane purposes, particularly those inclined toward black or harmful magic. In the Sādhananidhi, the mantras were organized as the maṇḍalas of deities with Tantric appearances. Through visualization, practitioners can serve a wide range of mundane purposes. Finally, in the Abhidhānottaratantra, most deities were correlated to non-Tantric Buddhist concepts, such as the Eight Liberations, and some of the purposes of visualization are more spiritual or supramundane. These suggest that the deities’ Tantric appearances represent their magical and mundane potentials, while the non-Tantric Buddhist concepts represent their spiritual and supramundane potential. These different forms are related to how the visualization effects are theorized.
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| Table of contents | Abstract 218
Introduction 219
On the Four Systems of the Maṇḍala of Mantra 220
The Maṇḍala of the Heart Mantra of Heruka 221
The Maṇḍala of the Near-heart Mantra of Heruka 229
The Maṇḍala of the Mantra of the Six Yoginīs 231
The Maṇḍala of the Heart Mantra of Vārāhī 236
Effects of Practices of the Mantras 240
Conclusion 242
Notes 245
Acknowledgements 252
Abbreviations 252
Reference 252
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| ISSN | 15987914 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.16893/IJBTC.2021.06.30.1.217 |
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| Hits | 68 |
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| Created date | 2022.02.20 |
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| Modified date | 2022.02.20 |
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