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永明延壽의 無心論과 후대 영향='No-Mind Theory(無心論)’ of Yongming Yanshou(永明延壽) and Its Influence for the Later Generations
Author 박인석 (著)=Park, Inn-suk (au.)
Source 선학=禪學=Journal of Seon Studies
Volumev.45 n.0
Date2016.12.30
Pages109 - 141
Publisher韓國禪學會
Publisher Url http://www.seonstudy.org/seon/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대 불교학술원 조교수
Keyword영명연수=Yongming Yanshou=永明延壽; 종경록=Zongjinglu=宗鏡錄; 무심=無心=Nomind; 안심=安心=Pacify the mind; 보조지눌=普照知訥=Bojo Jinul; 퇴옹성철=退翁性徹=Toi’ong Songchol
Abstract이 글의 목적은 영명연수(永明延壽, 904-975)의 『종경록』에 나오는 무심(無心)의 내용을 살펴보고, 그것이 연수 후대 고려의 보조지눌(普照知訥, 1158-1210)과 현대 한국의 퇴옹성철(退翁性徹, 1912-1993)에게 끼친 영향을 살펴보는 데 있다. 우선 무심은 『종경록』 제45권에 집중해서 나온다. 무심은 천태지의와 청량징관이 세운 ‘정혜(定慧)의 안심(安心) 법문’과 대비되는 ‘선종의 무심(無心) 법문’으로 제시된다. 연수에 따르면, 정혜의 안심법문은 불안한 마음을 대치하기 위한 방편적 가르침인 반면, 선종의 무심법문은 대치할 대상과 주체인 마음이 모두 텅 비어 존재하지 않음을 드러내는 가르침이므로, 불안한 마음 그 자체의 존재를 인정하지 않는다. 이를 무심합도(無心合道)라고 한다. 무심은 망념분별이 사라짐과 동시에 그에 대한 분명한 자각이 현전한다는 점을 강조한다는 점에서 『종경록』의 종지인 일심·진심과 상통한다.
연수의 무심론은 동아시아 불교계에 있어 고려의 보조지눌에게 가장 적극적으로 수용되었다. 보조는 그가 세운 3문 중 경절문의 내용을 연수의 무심론에 입각하여 무심합도문(無心合道門)으로 건립하였는데, 이 문의 구조와 내용은 모두 연수 『종경록』 제45권의 영향을 크게 받고 있다. 다만 지눌은 연수 시대에는 아직 등장하지 않았던 간화선을 무심합도문과 대응시키고 있다. 보조 이후 한국불교계에서 연수의 문헌을 가장 널리 활용한 이는 퇴옹성철이다. 『종경록』에서는, 견성하면 곧장 무심하게 됨을 강조했는데, 퇴옹 역시 이러한 견성과 무심의 관계에 주목하였고, 더 나아가 그에 따른 수증론으로 돈오돈수를 제창하였다. 연수의 돈점론은 근기에 입각하여 돈오돈수를 위주로 삼아 돈오점수를 함께 제시하는 것인데, 보조가 연수의 돈오점수의 견해를 수용한 것에 비해 퇴옹은 연수의 돈오돈수의 관점을 취하는 점이 특징적이다.

The Chan master Yongming Yanshou(永明延壽, 904- 975), who lived in the period of five dynasties China, understood all the dharma through One mind(一心). One mind was used as the same meaning with True mind(眞心).
However, his main work, the Zongjinglu, explained the opposite term ‘Nomind( 無心)’ as playing a major role besides One mind. ‘No-mind(無心)’ was frequently mentioned in the fascicle forty five among one hundred books of the Zongjinglu and suggested as ‘the dharma door of No-mind(無心法門) in the Chan school(禪宗)’ against ‘the dharma door of pacifying the mind(安心法 門) by meditation and wisdom(定慧)’. He exemplified Tientai Zhiyi(天台智顗)’s Cessation and Observation(止觀) and Qingliang Chengguan(淸涼澄觀)’s Meditation and Wisdom(定慧) for the dharma door of pacifying the mind(安 心法門). And also he regarded those theories as the expedient teaching to treat mind suffering. On the other hand, the dharma door of No-mind in Chan school was the teaching that ‘mind and the subject are vacant and do not exist’, so it did not accept anxious mind. Therefore, Yongming Yanshou insisted that we can be naturally placed on the Way(道) in the state of Nomind.
This No-mind theory emphasizes that all deluded thoughts and discriminations disappear and simultaneously it lets us know what it is through the obvious recognition, so it shows the same context of One mind(一心) and True mind(眞心).
Bojo Jinul(普照知訥, 1158- 1210) of Gory Korea positively accepted such a theory of No-mind by Yongming Yanshou. The theory of cultivation by the reverend Bojo may be suggested as Three doors. He set up the theory of Mushimhapdomun(無心合道門, the door of entering the Way with No-mind) for Gyongjolmun(徑截門, the path of direct cutting) among Three doors. First of all, the structure emphasizing the dharma door of No-mind of the Chan school which went beyond the limitation of Meditation and Wisdom(定慧) was to employ the structure of ‘from Meditation and Wisdom(定慧) to No-mind(無 心)’ suggested in the Zongjinglu. Also in its content, we can find out that he tried to establish his own theoretical system as positively quoting the phrases related to No-mind in the fascicle forty five in the Zongjinglu.
However, Jinul compared Ganhwa Son(看話禪)that did not appear in the time of Yongming Yanshou with Mushimhapdomun(無心合道門, the door of entering the Way with No-mind). This is the discrepancy between two theories.
Meanwhile, the figure who widely used Yongming Yanshou’s literatures after the reverend Bojo in the Korean Buddhism was Toi’ong Songchol(退翁 性徹, 1912-1993). He quoted in detail the phrase especially about Gyonsong(見性, attaining Buddhahood) from the Zongjinglu. In the Zongjinglu, it stressed that ‘if attaining Buddhahood, then we can be No-mind’. He also focused on the relationship between Gyonsong(見性) and Mushim(無心) and then suggested ‘Sudden enlightenment and sudden cultivation(頓悟頓修)’ as the theory of cultivation. Yongming Yanshou’s Sudden and Gradual theory(頓漸論) was to suggest Sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation together as mainly focusing on Sudden enlightenment and su
Table of contents국문 초록 109
Ⅰ. 서론 110
Ⅱ. 『종경록(宗鏡錄)』의 무심론(無心論) 112
1. 정혜(定慧)의 안심법문(安心法門) 113
2. 선종의 무심합도(無心合道) 120
Ⅲ. 연수 무심론(無心論)의 후대 영향 127
1. 보조지눌(普照知訥)의 무심합도문(無心合道門) 127
2. 퇴옹성철의 무심(無心)과 돈오돈수(頓悟頓修) 132
Ⅳ. 결론 135
참고문헌 138
Abstract 139
ISSN15980588 (P)
Hits96
Created date2022.05.24
Modified date2022.05.24



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