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明昆明太華寺供奉沐氏十二世像之歷史意義=The Historical Significance Behind the Worship of Mu's (沐氏) Ancestors in Taiwha (太華) Temple at Ming's Kunming (昆明) City
Author 陳玉女 (著)=Chen, Yuh-neu (au.)
Source 成大歷史學報=Cheng Kung Journal of Historical Studies
Volumen.26
Date2002.06.01
Pages47 - 79
Publisher國立成功大學歷史系
Publisher Url http://his.ncku.edu.tw/
Location臺南市, 臺灣 [Tainan shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note作者為國立成功大學歷史學系教授。
Keyword明朝=Ming dynasty; 雲南=Yunnan; 昆明=Kunming; 太華寺=Taiwha temple; 沐氏十二世畫像=Mu's
Abstract雲南昆明城西太華寺,於元大德十年(1306),由元朝梁王出資為當時高僧玄鑑無照禪師所興建成的一座寺院,在元朝擁有相當厚實的政治地位。進入明朝後,沐英家族歷代世襲鎮守雲南,沐英為穩固剛平定不久的雲南社會秩序,試圖藉助佛教發揮「遷善去惡」的社會教化功能,以輔助其治理雲南之功,於是賦予太華寺此一重責,並且特為此寺〈題太華山佛岩禪寺文〉,隨即撥款修寺。遂使太華寺源自元朝的優渥政治資源得以順利繼承,使往後的發展更加蓬勃。景泰六年(1455)太華寺住持日僧大用(係日本僧人,謫居雲南)唯恐日久文滅,故建思召堂以奉沐英〈題太華山佛岩禪寺文〉,藉此感懷沐英恩德。然沐英畫像是否隨文入堂奉祀,本文尚無法從景泰年間鄭顒撰,〈思召堂記〉一文獲得解答。亦即沐氏畫像自何時起奉祀於太華寺內,並無切確相關的文獻記載。儘管如此,萬曆年間,約沐氏第十世,透過文人學士王士性及張佳胤兩人各自遊太華寺的記述,確定沐氏世像確實供奉在太華寺東側的祠堂內。沐氏累世畫像入祀太華寺,自沐英至第十二世沐天波止,共十二世,二十幅畫像。而沐氏與太華寺的此一關係,實奠基於沐英時代,日僧大用的思召堂之建,則進一步鞏固雙方的密切關係。
太華寺在沐氏權勢的庇護下,不斷擴充寺院田產,名為購置,實多兼併。其依附沐氏日深,奉祀沐氏世像之責,自是此寺責無旁貸之職。相對的,保護太華寺的寺產,供應其足夠的資源,也是沐氏家族應盡的義務。因此,太華寺擔任奉祀沐氏世像的重責,至少在明朝沐氏勢力尚未消弱之際,可說是太華寺在發展上的一道重要護符。然而,雙方此一關係的建立,並非奠基在法律明文的規定,而是在雙方利益相宜的條件下,逐漸建構起其權利與義務的雙邊關係。所以說,這是太華寺既非沐氏家廟,卻能長期為沐氏家族奉祀其先人畫像的一大因素。但是,在明朝結束,沐氏權勢隨之告退的情況下,清乾隆年間太華寺寺僧悟虔有意卸下長期以來對沐氏家族所擔負的此一非明文規定之義務,因此與沐氏後裔沐龍光發生訴訟爭端,最後由於政府的介入,使得太華寺奉祀沐氏世像成為法定義務,規定務必於每年春秋舉行祭祀。就此結果,更顯示沐氏家族於雲南一地擁有不容改變的歷史地位。

Taiwha (太華) temple was constructed officially at west Kunming (昆明), Yunnan(雲南) in Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1306) and had a profound connection with the Empire. Into the Ming dynasty, Mu's (沐氏) family civilized the local people by the religious power of the stated temple, and the temple therefore inherited the ample financial support and political resource. In 1455 A.D., Taiwha temple began to worship Mu ancestors to intensify the political connection and to ensure the official support. The unusual relationship between Taiwha temple and Mu's family was reconsidered and debated during Chenglong (乾隆) period, Ching dynasty. Finally, the government made the decision; Mu's ancestors were then continuously worshiped by Taiwha temple. The judgment revealed the irreplaceable and unchangeable impact of Mu's family on Yunnan district.
Table of contents一、前言 4
二、太華寺的建造及其於元朝的政治地位 4
三、黔寧王沐英與太華寺「思召堂」設置的關係 9
四、太華寺之沐氏遺像崇奉與沐氏家族的登寺憑弔 14
五、沐氏權勢與太華寺的財力累積 22
六、結語 27
參考文獻 31
ISSN16839749 (P)
DOI10.7076/CKJHS.200206.0047
Hits74
Created date2022.10.13
Modified date2022.10.14



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