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초기경전과 대승경전의 和諍論 불교해석학 연구 의 自註, 혹은 補論=Harmonization(Samuccayavāda) between Āgama/Nikaya and Mahāyāna Sūtras
Author 김호성 (著)=Kim, Ho-sung (au.)
Source 보조사상=普照思想=Journal of Bojo Jinul's Thought
Volumev.34 n.0
Date2010
Pages355 - 420
Publisher普照思想研究院
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대 불교대학 교수
Keyword데리다=J. Derrida; 보르헤스=Heidegger; 바르트; 하이데거; 가다머; 의상=Uisang; 원효=Wŏnhyo; 지눌=Bojo Jinul; 야나기 무네요시=Yanagi Muneyoshi; 초기경전; 대승경전=Mahāyāna sūtras; 아함=Āgama; 니카야=Nikāya; 화쟁; 저자의 부재; 저자의 죽음; 불교해석학; 원음; 불설; 비불설; Gadamer; Jorge Luis Borges; Roland Barthes; original words X; pūrvapakṣa; siddhānta; emptiness; syncretism; paṭiccasamuppāda; philosophical hermeneutics; Buddhist hermeneutics
Abstract초기불교와 대승불교의 관계를 어떻게 보아야 할 것인가? 이 문제를 나는 초기경전과 대승경전을 바라보는 관점의 관계로 치환해서 논술하였다. 근래 우리 학계에서 행해진 ‘불설과 비불설’ 논쟁 역시 그러한 문제를 해결하는 방식의 불일치에서 초래한 것으로 본다. 이 논문 역시 그러한 문제에 대한 나름의 해답을 제공하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 다만 종래의 ‘불설과 비불설’ 논쟁 등은 초기경전과 대승경전의 성립을 둘러싼 역사적 측면의 접근이라 한다면, 이 글은 역사적 입장에 서지 않는다. 오히려 역사적 측면의 논의는 가능한 배제하고, 철학적 내지 해석학적 입장에서 이 문제를 다루어 보고자 하였다. 기실 이러한 언급은 이미 나의 『불교해석학 연구』를 통하여 표명한 바 있으나, 그 책의 주된 초점이 초기경전과 대승경전을 바라보는 관점에 있는 것이 아니었으므로 주목을 받지 못하였다. 이에 이 글을 통하여 바로 그러한 점을 집중적으로 부각하여 재조명코자 하였다. 미처 『불교해석학 연구』에서는 활용하지 못하였던 다양한 방법론을 활용하여 보았다. 예를 들어서 자크 데리다의 해체철학, 보르헤스의 단편소설에서 다루어진 상호텍스트성, 롤랑 바르트의 ‘저자의 죽음’, 義相의 ‘저자의 부재’, 이케미 쵸류(池見澄隆)의 심성사적 방법론, 야나기 무네요시(柳 宗悅)의 민예미학 등의 입장을 원용하여 아함/니카야와 대승경전은 공히 불설이라 볼 수도 있고, 공히 비불설이라 볼 수도 있음을 논하였다. 결국은 초기경전과 대승경전 사이에는 어떠한 가치의 우열도 있을 수 없다는 것이다. 이러한 논의를 전개해 감에 있어서, 나는 인도철학사의 저술전통에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼 前主張을 먼저 내세운 뒤에 그에 대하여 비판하면서 자신의 正義를 제기하는 글쓰기 방식을 채택하였다.

How should we understand the Mahāyāna sūtras? The focus of the problem with the Mahāyāna sūtras is placed on the absence of the authors. while, the sutras of Early Buddhism are believed to have the 'original' words of the Buddha himself and, therefore, have an author. For this reason, the sutras of early Buddhism are considered to be more trustworthy and authoritative than the Mahāyāna sūtras which is regarded as relatively unreliable. I criticized this claim(pūrvapakṣa) by presenting my own philosophy(siddhānta) and tried to suggest possible solutions to the six important points at issue I'm going to bring up. The first point is over the assertion that the Mahāyāna sūtras have no actual authors while the sutras of Early Buddhism do. According to J. Derrida, neither of them none the more has authors although the names have been written on the covers. He believes that creating a proper noun is the same as its elimination or obliteration. If anyone assumes that the author exists just by looking at the marking of an author, it would just be an illusion of looking at a proper noun as an exposure of a substance. From the standpoint of causality(paṭiccasamuppāda) explained in the sūtras of Early Buddhism, a proper noun do not exist at all. The second point I'm trying to mention is that, in matter of the claim that the authors of the Māhāyana sūtras have brought down an unnecessary disturbance by creating them, it was inevitable. Because time and historicity have to intervene as shown in the philosophical hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer. Looking further at Jorge Luis Borges' novel, "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote", people claim that, no matter how well we copy Āgama or Nikāya, it should be understood accordingly in the context of space and time. They could, therefore, become very different texts from the originals. The Mahāyāna sūtras are the literation of the new understanding. With the third claim which argues that it is wrong to call the Mahāyāna sūtras the original teaching of the Buddha, I mean to prove otherwise with the example of Borges' another novel "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" that "all books are anonymous and written by only one person." Here, we can neither assume that "one person" as God nor as an actual being. In fact, no books have authors. The names of the authors are only needed as an expedient or a hypothesis. This is how only one name is put up as an author. In the same context, 'the Buddha' is called upon to be the author in both the sutras of Early Buddhism and the Mahāyāna Buddhism. They become to be called Buddha's Āgama and Buddha's Mahāyāna. In the fourth, I criticized from four different perspectives the on-going argument that the sūtras of Early Buddhism are indeed the Buddha's original words and have higher values over those of the Mahāyāna Buddhism. 1) Āgama or Nikāya does not explain the original words of Buddha, but 'the original words X' which originally existed regardless of the fact that the Buddha renounces the world. The Mahāyāna sūtras are also an interpretation of this original words X. 2) It's a well known fact appeared in both
Table of contentsI. 序分 359
II. 正宗分 364
III. 流通分 408
ISSN12297968 (P)
DOIhttp://doi.org/10.22859/bojoss.2010.34..010
Hits69
Created date2023.02.13
Modified date2023.02.13



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