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지넨드라붓디의 ‘니야야 학파의 직접지각 정의’에 대한 검증=Examination on pratyakṣa of Nyāya school in Jinendrabuddhi’s Pramāṇasamuccayaṭīkā
Author 박기열 (著)=Park, Ki-Yeal (au.)
Source 인도철학=印度哲學=Korean Journal of Indian Philosophy
Volumen.55
Date2019
Pages5 - 45
Publisher印度哲學會
Publisher Url http://krindology.com/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 금강대학교 불교문화연구소 학술연구교수
Keyword지각; 언어표현; 일탈; 확정; 한정자; 피한정자; viśeṣya; viśeṣaṇa; niścaya; pratyakṣa; vyapadeśya vyabhicārin vyavasāya
Abstract니야야는 지각을 ①‘감관과 대상과의 접촉으로부터 일어나는 지식, ②언어표현 불가능한 것, ③잘못이 없는 것, ④확정을 본성으로 하는 것’이라고 정의한다. 이에 대해서 디그나가는 전면적으로 부정한다. 본고는 지넨드라붓디의 해당 복주 중에서 ①과 관련된 감관도달설 검증 이전까지의 ①~④에 관한 내용을 번역 및 분석한다. 그에 따르면 우선 니야야가 ②와 ③를 각각 소유복합어와 격한정복합어로 해석하고, 전자는 대상과, 후자는 지식과 관련짓는 것은 모두 타당하지 않다. ④의 ‘확정’과 ‘본성’에 있어 확정은 ③에 대한 중복 표현이고, 명칭 등과의 결합에 의한 결정이기에 ②와 모순한다. 한편 ‘본성’은 자성과 결과라는 주장에 대해서 본성이 지식의 본성일 경우, 지각의 정의가 주제 속에 없는 오류가 발생한다. 또한 지식의 결과는 즉각적으로 일어나지 않기에 지각의 결과와 다른 것이 되기에 배척된다. 지넨드라붓디는 이와 같은 문법적 분석에 의거하여 다르마키르티의 ‘능변의 비존재’라는 개념에 의해서 니야야의 지각의 정의에 대한 총체적 오류를 결론짓는다. 그는 불교인식·논리학의 전통에 기반을 두면서도 8세기 경의 탈 다르마키르티 경향도 보여준다.

Nyāyasūtra 1.1.4 defines perception(pratykṣa) as ①knowledge produced from the contact of sense and object(indriyārthasannikarṣotpannaṃ jñānam), ②inexpressable(avyapadeśya), ③non-erroneous(avyabhicārin), and ④a determinate nature(vyavasāyātmaka). Dignāga, however, completely denies the definition of perception from the Nyāya school while verifying each terminology and compounds to demonstrate the contradiction in Pramāṇasamuccaya & his own Vṛtti(PSV) Ⅰ. But it is hard to find out his real intention in the context of his examination, so there is a reason that Jinendrabuddhi’s commentary(tīkā, PSṬ) is indispensable to the study on PSV. The paper translates and analyzes PSṬ Ⅰ pp. 96.3-105.7 ad. PSV Ⅰ p. 7.6-23(2.1221-2.1222113). One of the features of Jinendrabuddhi within the range of PSṬ in the paper is that, firstly, he criticizes the compound of the ② and the ③ by analyzing them with Bahuvṛīhi and Tatpuruṣa, the former makes to relate with object, while the latter makes to relate with knowledge. His conclusion is that both of the cases are unsuitable. On the ④ case, he proves that the two words, determination(vyavasāya) and nature(ātma), are incorrect in the context of the sūtra. ‘Determination’ is not only duplication of the ③, but also the term cannot be the result of perception insisted by Naiyāyika, because the result of cognition is a type of ascertainment combined with name and genus, which is expressed by words and is at odds with the ②. On the other hand, if Naiyāyika asserts ‘nature’ in the sūtra means nature of knowledge, the opinion is also part of the issue as sūtra is on the knowledge, not on the perception. This could cause the misunderstanding that there are no words in order to the definition of perception, even though the topic of the sentence is on the definition of perception. As mentioned above, Jinendrabuddhi examines Naiyāyika’s position using grammatical analysis and Buddhist traditional logic in both Nyāyabhāṣya of Vātsyāyana and Nyāyavārttika of Uddyotakara, which have criticized the PSV of Dignāga. Moreover, Jinendrabuddhi may allude to his own opinion on the term, non-erroneous(abhārata), through the Buddhist definition of direct perception(pratyakṣa) in Pramāṇaviniścaya(PVin) and Nyāyabindu(NB) of Dharmakīrti. In other words, Jinendrabuddhi’s criticism against “avyabhicārin” could apply to “abhrānta” as well even though he does not directly refer on it.
Table of contentsI 서론. 6
II 니야야 학파의 지각에 대한 디그나가의 검증. 7
III 『집량론복주』 I pp. 96.3-105.7 해석과 분석. 12
IV 결론. 39
ISSN12263230 (P)
Hits25
Created date2023.10.28
Modified date2023.10.28



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