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균여전 다시 읽기 : 고려 광종의 불교정책에 대한 화엄행자 균여의 협력 그리고 갈등=Revisiting the Biography of Gyunyeo : Gyunyeo's Agreements and Disagreements with King Gwangjong's Buddhist Policies in Early Goryeo
Author 석길암 (著)=Seok, Gil-am (au.)
Source 원불교사상과 종교문화=Won-Buddhist Thought and Religious Culture
Volumev.94 n.0
Date2022.12
Pages113 - 146
Publisher원광대학교 원불교사상연구원=The Research Institute of Won-buddhist Thought
Publisher Url http://www.wth.or.kr
LocationIksan-si, Korea [益山市, 韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보:동국대학교 WISE캠퍼스 불교학부 부교수(huayen@naver.com)
Keyword국가불교=國家佛敎=State Buddhism; 호국불교=護國佛敎=State-protecting Buddhism; 화엄=huayen=Hwaeom; 균여=均如; 광종=光宗= Gwangjong=Goryeo’s King; 균여전=均如傳=Gyunyeojeon=Biography of Gyunyeo; the king equates to the Buddha=왕즉불=王卽佛; 탄문=坦文= Tanmun; 혜거=慧炬= Hyegeo
Abstract본 논문에서는 고려 건국 초기인 10세기 중반의 정치권력과 화엄종의 입장을 대변하는 광종(光宗)과 화엄행자 균여(均如)의 관계를, 국가불교(國家佛敎)와호국불교(護國佛敎)의 관점에서 검토하였다. 광종이 왕권강화를 목적으로 개혁정치를 시작할 때, 광종에 의해 발탁된 균여는 광종의 왕권강화 정책에 있어서적극적인 협력자였다. 그런 두 사람의 협력 관계에 파탄이 생긴 것은 968년 무렵이다. 『균여전(均如傳)』과 광종대의 역사기록은 두 인물의 관계에 파탄을 일으킨 사건의 원인과 경과를 상세히 전해주지 않는다. 선행연구들은 이 부분에대해 의상계 화엄승인 균여와 비의상계 화엄승이었던 탄문(坦文) 간의 갈등 등몇 가지 해석을 제안하고 있다. 논자는 이 부분을 해석하는데 있어서 몇 가지새로운 요소를 고려하였다. 첫째, 고려 태조와 광종의 불교정책의 특징과 관련한 부분이다. 태조와 광종의 교종과 선종에 대한 대응방식이 동일하지 않았다는 점이다. 둘째, 법안종을 계승하고 고려에 전한 혜거국사가 등용되는 시점은, 균여와광종의 갈등이 표면화된 시점과 거의 일치한다. 혜거의 국사 책봉이 광종과 균여의 관계에 갈등을 낳는 계기였는가? 셋째, 960년대 후반을 기점으로 광종이 ‘왕즉불(王卽佛)’의 입장을 강조하였다는 최근의 연구 성과에 대한 고려이다. 전제권력은 화엄의 통합적 성격을 통치에 곧잘 활용하였다. 하지만 화엄사상 자체는 개개 존재의 온전성을 전제로 삼는다. 개개의 온전함을 전제로 해서전체의 온전함이 성립하기 때문이다. 광종의 초기 왕권강화 정책에 적극적인협력자였던 균여가, 전제적이면서 절대적인 왕권을 추구하였던 시기의 광종과는 오히려 갈등을 겪는다. 그 갈등에는 많은 다른 요인들도 있었겠지만, 광종이 추구한 사회적 가치와 균여가 화엄사상에 기반하여 추구하였던 사회적가치가 서로 달랐다는 점이 표면화되었던 것 역시 중요한 하나의 원인으로 고려할 수 있을 것이다.

When King Gwangjong initiated political reforms to reinforce his power, Gyunyeo—who was recruited by the king—was a proactive ally in the king’s new reforms. The split in their collaborative partnership occurred in about 968. Both Gyunyeojeon[Biography of Gyunyeo] and the historical records from King Gwangjong’s reign do not supply any details about the incident. Regarding this incident, preceding studies have offered a few interpretations, including the conflict between Gyunyeo and Tanmun, another Hwaeom monk who did not belong to the Uisang lineage. To these, I want to add a few new elements in interpreting this incident. The first element concerns the characteristics of Buddhist policies implemented by Goryeo’s founder—King Taejo—and King Gwangjong. This reveals that King Gwangjong viewed the Doctrinal School and the Seon School differently. Secondly, in 968 Hyegeo at Yeongguksa Temple on Mt. Dobongsan was appointed state preceptor. Considering that the Beoban Order supported the congruence of the Seon and doctrinal approaches, and if the appointment of Hyegeo as state preceptor revealed King Gwangjong’s intent to integrate Buddhism by harmonizing the Doctrinal and Seon Schools, could this have been the cause of the rift between Gyunyeo and King Gwangjong? Thirdly, is the consideration of recent research findings that suggest beginning from the late 960s, King Gwangjong emphasized the view that “the king equates to the Buddha.” The Hwaeom philosophy is known to pursue harmony and fusion, or integration, and imperial power often applied this characteristic to governance. This strategy was also well known to Kings Taejo and Gwangjong who wanted to establish a state centered on the power of the throne by creating a pivot point to integrate the powerful clans that represented each region. This is further proven by the fact that of the temples established by these two kings, those which supported state policy were mostly Hwaeom temples. However, Hwaeom philosophy itself presupposes the wholeness of each individual because the wholeness of the whole is established based on the wholeness of the individual. Thus, the core philosophy of Hwaeom, represented by the saying “One is many and many are one,” embodies the characteristic pursued by Hwaeom philosophy. Gyunyeo, who was a proactive ally of King Gwangjong in his early efforts to reinforce royal power, seemed to come into conflict with the king who later pursued absolute royal power. Many elements could have contributed to this conflict, but one important reason to consider is the surfacing of differences between the social values pursued by King Gwangjong and those of Gyunyeo based on his Hwaeom philosophy.
Table of contents I. 머리말 114

II. 균여의 발탁과 배경 117
III. 광종과 균여의 갈등 129
IV. 맺음말 141
ISSN17381975 (P)
Hits80
Created date2024.02.25
Modified date2024.02.25



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