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원불교 전무출신에 대한 연구=A study on the ordained devotee of Won-Buddhism
Author 고시용 (著)=高時湧 (au.)
Source 원불교사상과 종교문화=Won-Buddhist Thought and Religious Culture
Volumev.48 n.0
Date2011.06
Pages41 - 97
Publisher원광대학교 원불교사상연구원=The Research Institute of Won-buddhist Thought
Publisher Url http://www.wth.or.kr
LocationIksan-si, Korea [益山市, 韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 원광대학교 원불교학과 교수(kwgksy@wku.ac.kr)
Keyword원불교=Won-Buddhism; 전무출신=Chŏnmuch’ulsin; 출가= Chulga; 교무= Kyomu; 정체성= Identity; Ordained devotee
Abstract본 연구는 원불교의 역사적 측면에서 전무출신을 살펴보고 정체성을 확립하기 위해서 시도되었다. 원불교의 개교와 성장, 발전의 원동력이 전무출신이었으며 그 정체성을 확립하는 것을 당면과제로 생각했기 때문이다.
전무출신의 원형은‘출가-전무출신-교무-성직자’로 일관(一貫)된다. 전무출신의 출가 동기는 공부였고 원불교의 개교 동기는 파란고해의 일체 생령을 광대무량한 낙원으로 인도하는 것이다. 결국 전무출신은 공부에 전념하면서 회상을 창립하고 발전시키기 위해 정신과 육신을 오롯이 내놓았다. 또한 전국은 물론이요 세계로 나아가 소태산의 전법사도로서 포부와 경륜을 계승하고 사명을 실천하기 위해 노력해왔다.
하지만 시간의 흐름 속에서 전무출신의 정체성에 중요한 변화가 생겼다. 변화의 중요한 요인으로 공동체생활, 공부와 사업, 결혼, 급여, 품과, 겸직 등을 꼽을 수 있다. 그 변인들을 종합하면“공동체가 해체되고 공부보다 사업·겸직에 치중하며 결혼과 급여, 품과의 선택으로 인해 혼란을 겪는 중”이라고 정리할 수 있다. 결국 정남·정녀 위주, 교무 위주의 전무출신으로 귀결되는 추세라고 진단할 수 있으며, 이로 인한 교단의 위기를 간과할 수 없다. 종전의 공동체적 정체성과 공부에 기반을 둔 출가의 의미를 감소시키며, 사회적 공감대의 부재를 가져온다. 이는 전무출신 지원자의 감소로 이어지고 특히 정녀 지원자의 감소는 매우 심각하다. 또한 교단의 구성원들 사이에 의사소통을 방해하는 요인으로 작용하며, 결국 전반적으로 비효율성을 초래한다. 오늘날 원불교에서 나타나고 있는 많은 문제들도 전무출신 정체성 혼란의 관점에서 파악될 수 있는 것이다. 따라서 전무출신의 정체성을 재확립하는 것은 시대적 과제이며 더욱이 지식정보사회의 도래를 맞아 더욱 중요하게 부각되고 있다. 본 연구가‘전무출신의 시대화·생활화·대중화’를 위한 논의를 촉진시키는 기폭제가 되기를 바란다.


This study attempts to clarify the identities and roles of the Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin, or ordained devotees of the Won-Buddhist order, in the history of Won- Buddhism. Because the motive power behind the foundation, growth, and development of the Won-Buddhist order was the Cho ̆nmuch’ulsin, establishing the true nature and identity of this important role is a present challenge and has significance for the future of the order.
The original concept of Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin encompasses three distinct titles and roles: the Chulga, or ordained monk, who enters the priesthood forever after leaving the household life; the Kyomu, whose principal duty lies in teaching and edifying others; and the clergy. The founding motive of Won- Buddhism is to lead all sentient beings, who are drowning in the turbulent sea of suffering, to a vast and immeasurable paradise. The purpose of all three categories of Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin is to practice in order to realize the aim of the founding motive. Therefore, they sincerely devote their minds and bodies in order to establish and develop there ligious order while practicing diligently. Also, they have made efforts to carry on the missions of their order, having inherited its plan and aspiration from Sotaesan, the founding master of Won- Buddhism, as apostles who impart what Sotaesan taught, all over the world.
However, as time goes by, significant changes have occurred in the roles and identities of the three types of Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin. Crucial areas where changes have occurred are communal life, practice and activities, marriage, wages, a system of departments, and the holding of outside jobs. To sum upthe factors, Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin are often focusing on their business affairs or additional jobs more than on their practice, so that the community of practitioners is breaking down. At the same time, many Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin are confused by options such as marriage, wages and a system of departments. These changes cause the diminution of the meaning of Chulga, based on communal identity and practice and the absence of participation in society. In response to these problems, the number of applicants for the role of Ch ̆o nmuch’ulsin is diminishing, and in particular, the current decrease in the number of women willing to apply to become celibate clergy is quite serious. Also, the decline in the role of the Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin interrupts communications with members in the order and finally causes inefficiency.
My diagnosis, which I support with examples and research, is that the root of the problem lies in the fact that the role of the Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin is currently being or ganized mainly by celibate clergy members and Kyomu. According to my analysis, this state of affairs is becoming increasingly the norm, so that we cannot overlook the crisis of the Won-Buddhist order. At this crucial time in its history, many problems of the Won-Buddhist order can be resolved by investigating the reasons why Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin are confused about their identities. Therefore, reestablishing the Ch ̆onmuch’ulsin’
Table of contentsⅠ. 서언 43

Ⅱ. 전무출신의 원형과 정체성 46

Ⅲ. 전무출신의 정체성 변인 65

Ⅳ. 결론 및 제언 88
ISSN17381975 (P)
Hits28
Created date2024.04.21
Modified date2024.04.21



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