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寺院廚房裡的姊妹情:戰後臺灣佛教婦女的性別意識與修行=Jiemeiqing in the Monastic Kitchen in Post-War Taiwan: Gender Identity and Community Solidarity among Buddhist Women
Author 李玉珍 (著)=Li, Yu-chen (au.)
Source 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊=Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica
Volumev.87 Spring
Date1999
Pages97 - 128
Publisher中央研究院民族學研究所
Publisher Url https://www.ioe.sinica.edu.tw/english
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
NoteAuthor Affiliation: Cornell University, USA.
Keyword臺灣佛教=Taiwanese buddhism; 比丘尼=Bhiksuni; 煮食=Cooking; 性別與空間=Gender and space
Abstract  臺灣佛教界常常視供養和分享食物為女性化的宗教行為,而且佛教婦女也往往以煮食來表現其虔誠。譬如,以神蹟式治病而著名的無名比丘尼,即行禁食而施大悲咒水。另外,水果和尚廣欽和尚則直稱廚房是女性修行的場域。這些都是宗教實踐在日常行為中儀式 化和性別化的例子,值得研究。
  佛教婦女投注煮食雖然和傳統的性別分工符合,但是臺灣寺院不同於傳統中國叢林制度的生活模式則賦予此宗教實踐不同的影響。藉由煮食,臺灣比丘尼不僅建立其經濟獨立的自主性,並且因此形成她們有別於男性同儕的性別認同和團體意識 。雖然目前罕有學者注意到此結構性因素,但是臺灣寺院普遍供應信徒齋食和相對熱絡的信徒網絡,已經成為臺灣佛教寺院的重要特徵之一。
  本文的重點除了將女性性別角色形成的過程置於寺院生活和經濟結構之中,更重要的是藉由女性的生活經驗(比丘尼和優婆夷)來呈現和分析臺灣比丘尼如何建構其宗教實踐之意義。因此,除了典籍的分析之外,筆者並且在十八個月的田野調查中,走訪了數十座寺院的廚房。由於一般寺院大多將廚房視為女性的工作領域,筆者(女性)親自參與煮食和做廚房雜務的過程中,發現相當豐富的女性間互動和經驗傳承的資料。這些參與觀察和口訪,對經典平面的記載賦予制度性和歷史性的深度,生動的展現寺院廚房中的姊妹情誼。

A close look at monastic kitchens reveals much about food culture in monastic life. As a traditional female activity, cooking is a means for Taiwanese nuns to gain economic, social, and cultural capital. In addition, cooking shapes the spatial arrangement and temporal schedule of daily life at a monastery. It is in this institutional scheme that contemporary Taiwanese nuns form their identity. This food culture grounds itself in the gender politics of Buddhist institutions underlying the process of food preparation at monastic kitchens.
This paper focuses on the discipline and community identity of Taiwanese Buddhist nuns, which can be fully illuminated only by using "gender" as a category of historical analysis. Like general social expectations about gender, nuns are assigned in Taiwanese monastic administration the task of cooking, an alleged feminine practice in the distribution of religious labor. Thus, monastic kitchens constitute a very significant "female sphere" for nuns.
The paper is organized to answer in turn four questions. Firstly, why is food considered a significant component of the monastic life? Secondly, how do Taiwanese nuns formulate their religious experience and community identity through cooking? Thirdly, what is the relationship between the distribution of labor and gender identity in Taiwanese Buddhism? And fourthly, how do contemporary Taiwanese nuns redefine the meaning of cooking through an expended social network?
Table of contents一、序曲 98
二、研究回顧與理論架構 99
三、寺院廚房作為台灣佛教女性修行實踐的場域 103
(一)食物與修行 103
(二)場域的形成:台灣佛教寺院裡的廚房 104
1.中國與台灣的寺院經濟之 104
2.台灣比丘尼的事業與烹飪 106
3.經懺佛教與佛教都市化 108
四、台灣寺院廚房裡行動的女人(一):比丘尼 109
(一)煮食與台灣比丘尼的團體意識 109
(二)台灣比丘尼宗教經驗的斷層 111
五、台灣寺院廚房裡行動的女人(二):師姐與老菩薩 113
(一)1970年以後出現的寺院廚房女義工 114
(二)台灣比丘尼與師姐的姊妹情 116
六、結語 119
(一)煮食與供養:女性宗教虔敬的表達方式 119
(二)台灣佛教婦女的性別意識與宗教實踐 121
參考書目 124
ISSN00013935 (P)
Hits67
Created date2024.07.02
Modified date2024.07.16



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