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從傳統文化走向現代學術——學科交涉維度下的近現代佛教轉型研究 |
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| Author |
丁建華 (著)
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| Source |
佛教文化研究=Studies of Buddhist Culture
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| Volume | n.2 |
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| Date | 2021 |
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| Pages | 398 - 416, 434, 445 - 447 |
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| Publisher | 南京大學東方哲學與宗教文化研究中心 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.nju.edu.cn/index.htm
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| Location | 南京, 中國 [Nanjing, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 佛教=Buddhism; 轉型=Transformation; 現代學術=Modern Scholarship; 學科交涉=Disciplinary Interaction |
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| Abstract | 近現代佛教的轉型，在理論層面，以形成現代意義上的佛學研究爲代表。其中，佛學與哲學、科學、心理學之間的理論交涉，既是近現代學者有意識地實現傳統文化的現代化，也是確立中國文化主體性的方式之一。梁漱溟有意識地以哲學思想來會通佛學，通過哲學的維度實現佛教的現代化，然而，梁漱溟仍處於佛學與哲學互動的嘗試階段，正如他自己所反省的那樣，難免落入比附的困境。牟宗三在探討佛學與哲學之關係的時候，已經沒有了“爲難”與“排斥”,徑直地肯定佛教哲學的重要意義，并基於哲學維度探究東西哲學之差異，提出“會通”的可能性與路徑。近現代，佛教怎樣在以科學精神爲主的現代社會中繼續發展，成了學者關注的話題。王季同通過科學詮釋被界定爲迷信的佛教，以此來證明佛教并不是落後於時代的糟粕。立足於經驗角度，胡適認爲，王季同的比附荒誕至極。兩者的差異恰恰能反應近代科學思潮下的佛教生態。一方面，受到科學的衝擊，另一方面，又不得不向科學靠近。牟宗三通過俗諦也是“諦”來説明科學知識也具有相當的價值，説明即使在佛教理論內部應該也有科學的位置，然而，這樣純屬意願表達的“應該”在傳統佛教義理面前往往難以被承認。心理學與佛教的交涉偏重於詮釋性、互補性。梁啟超提出佛學與心理學互動的基本模式：佛教理論作爲心理學的資料，心理學則作爲佛教理論的理解維度。與梁漱溟相近，梁啟超一方面認爲兩者存在相似，另一方面認爲佛教理論相比較心理學又具有超越性。對於梁漱溟與梁啟超來説，證明佛教具有現代性而能與包括心理學在內的科學對話，纔是當務之急。相比較梁漱溟與梁啟超對中國文化主體性的凸顯，牟宗三對兩者的對比乃至佛學超越性的揭示，達到了一個更深的層面。
The transformation of modern Buddhism,at the theoretical level,is represented by the formation of the study of Buddhism in the modern sense.Among these,the theoretical interactions between Buddhism and philosophy,science and psychology are both a conscious attempt by modern scholars to modernize traditional culture and one of the ways to establish Chinese cultural subjectivity.Liang Shuming consciously used philosophical thought to converse with Buddhism and modernise Buddhism through the dimension of philosophy.However,Liang was still at the stage of experimentation with the interaction between Buddhism and philosophy and,as he reflected,inevitably fell into the dilemma of comparison.In his discussion of the relationship between Buddhism and philosophy,Mou Zongsan no longer " embarrassed" or "rejected",but straightforwardly affirmed the importance of Buddhist philosophy and explored the differences between Eastern and Western philosophy based on the philosophical dimension,proposing the possibility and path of "convergence".He also explored the differences between Eastern and Western philosophies based on the philosophical dimension and proposed the possibility and path of "convergence".In modern times,the question of how Buddhism can continue to develop in modern society dominated by the spirit of science has become a topic of scholarly concern.Wang Jitong interpreted Buddhism,previously defined as a superstition,through science as a way of proving that Buddhism was not dross behind the times.Based on an empirical perspective,Hu Shih argued that Wang Jitong’s analogy was absurd in the extreme.The difference between the two can precisely reflect the ecology of Buddhism under modern scientific thinking,which,on the one hand,was under the impact of science and,on the other,had to move closer to it.Mou Zongsa)illustrated the value of scientific knowledge by stating that samvrtisatya(or "satya") and that even within Buddhist theory there should be a place for science,but such a purely willful "should" often seems difficult to be acknowledged in the face of traditional Buddhist doctrine.The interplay between psychology and Buddhism is hermeneutic and complimentary.Liang Qichao proposed a basic model for the interaction between Buddhism and psychology:Buddhist theory as a source for psychology,and psychology as a dimension of understanding for Buddhist theory.Similar to Liang Shuming,Liang Qichao saw similarities between the two on the one hand,and Buddhist theory as transcendent in comparison to psychology on the other.For Liang Shuming and Liang Qichao,it was imperative to prove that Buddhism was modern and could be in dialogue with science,including psychology.In contrast to Liang Shuming’s and Liang Qichao’s highlighting of Chinese cultural subjectivity,Mou Zongsan’s comparison of the two and even the revelation of the transcendence of Buddhism has reached a deeper level. |
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| Table of contents | 一、 佛學與西方哲學 400
二、 佛教與科學 404
三、 佛教與心理學 409
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| Hits | 12 |
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| Created date | 2024.07.04 |
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| Modified date | 2024.07.05 |
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