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梵文『法華経』諸伝本に見られる動詞bhāṣの活用の推移=The Present Forms of the Root bhāṣ in the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra
Author Kasamatsu, Sunao (著)=笠松直 (au.)
Source 印度學佛教學研究 =Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies=Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū
Volumev.71 n.3 (總號=n.160)
Date2023.03.25
Pages998 - 1003
Publisher日本印度学仏教学会
Publisher Url http://www.jaibs.jp/
Location東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language英文=English
Note(This research was supported in part by KAKENHI, No. 20K00067)
Keywordbhāṣ; Oṣadhi-parivarta; Dhāraṇī-parivarta; Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Abstract 動詞bhāṣの現在語幹は通例,韻文部分では能動態(Saddhp I 60a bhāṣati),散文部分では中動態で活用する(KN III: 69,12p bhāṣante sma).この対立は両部分の言語層の差異を示すかのようだが,KN V: 124,2p bhāṣateとKashg 125a7 bhāṣatiとの対応はこの想定に反する.

 未完了過去形KN XII: 267,2p abhāṣetāmとアオリスト形Kashg 256a3 bhāṣi(ṃ)suとの対応は示唆的である.恐らく原『法華経』段階でbhāṣは,現在形では能動態が,過去形ではアオリストが主に用いられたと思しい.アオリスト形は,中央アジア伝本では散文にも残存するが(旅順B8V8 bhāṣi ~ Kashg 202a1 abhāṣu(ḥ) ⇔ KN VIII: 212,4 abhāṣata),伝承の中で「歴史的現在」形へ,中動態へまたsmaを付した形へ改変されていったものであろう(Kashg III: 74a7p bhāṣi[ṃ]nsu ~ KN 69,12 bhāṣante sma).

 KN V: 131,13-143,7は後代の増広で,羅什訳「薬草喩品」に欠ける.ここでカシュガル本は中動態で一貫する(ex. Kashg 136b4p bhāṣate = KN 137,7).「提婆達多品」の読み(Kashg XII: 252a5p bhāṣate = KN 263,8)とともに文献の層序を言語的な差異で証するものと言える.

 旅順B18R8 bhāṣī(⇔ KN XXI: 398,3-4 bhāṣate sma)が導くsyād yathedamの構文は,『金光明経』『守護大千国土経』など一部の文献に特徴的なものである.これは「陀羅尼品」がもと,いわば「陀羅尼クライス」に属する半独立の文献であった痕跡と評価できよう.
Table of contents1. Introduction 998
2. Paradigm 998
2.1. Active forms are commoner in the metrical portion 999
2.2. Middle forms are somewhat questionable in the metrical portion 999
2.3. Impf. abhāṣata, abhāṣanta in stock phrases 1000
2.4. Presents with sma 1000
3. Optatives 1000
4. Strata in the Oṣadhi-parivarta 1001
5. syād yathedam in the Dhāraṇī-parivarta 1002
Notes 1002
Abbreviations 1003
Bibliography 1003
ISSN00194344 (P); 18840051 (E)
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4259/ibk.71.3_998
Hits70
Created date2024.11.13
Modified date2025.03.26



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