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僧傳整理的實踐與方法 -- 以《比丘尼傳》為中心=Practice and Method on the Sorting of Buddhist Monk Biography-- Centered on Lives of Nuns |
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| 著者 |
國威 (著)
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| 掲載誌 |
全國佛學論文聯合發表會論文集（第24屆）
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| 出版年月日 | 2013 |
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| ページ | 1 - 15 |
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| 出版地 | 臺灣 [Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| ノート | 作者單位：四川大學文學與新聞學院2012級博士。 |
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| 注記 | |
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| キーワード | 僧傳=monk biography; 整理=sorting; 實踐=practice; 方法=method; 比丘尼傳=Lives of Nuns |
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| 抄録 | 僧傳是佛教文獻中的一個重要類型，舉凡佛教史、語言、哲學等研究，莫不以之為取材淵藪。僧傳的文獻整理開展較早，至今已碩果累累。以六朝文獻《比丘尼傳》為例，筆者搜集到的即有兩個註本、兩個譯本（白話本和英譯本），以及若干研究論文。其所受關注，可見一斑。然而，校書如掃落葉，旋掃旋生，上述《比丘尼傳》的註、譯本在校勘、考證、翻譯等方面皆存在很多問題，故有必要對其進行重新審視。另外，歸納僧傳這種類型化文獻特有的整理方法，亦當納入古文獻學者的工作範疇。
本文在結構上分為實踐與方法兩部分，實踐篇在比較、分析《比丘尼傳》四個註、譯本的基礎上，對四者分歧之處進行梳理和考證；方法篇則歸納了僧傳文獻整理過程中具有較強可操作性的三個方法：編寫年譜、文本細讀和地理核考。由於僧傳一般以時間為序展開，故為傳主及相關人物編寫簡譜，不但可使其生平歷歷分明，而且有助於考辨傳中的異文。如《大正藏》本《比丘尼傳》卷二<南安寺釋慧瓊尼傳七>載「瓊以元嘉二十年隨孟顗之會稽」。「二十年」，《資福藏》、《磧砂藏》、《普寧藏》等皆作「二十四年」。但若根據史傳為孟顗製作年譜，就會發現元嘉二十年至元嘉二十二年，孟顗官尚書僕射，並未出守會稽，故傳文當作「二十四年」，《大正藏》本誤。文本細讀則是以一部完整的僧傳為參照，對傳文中的疑問處反復涵泳，從文體、文脈等視角進行細緻考辨。最後，由於中國歷史上地理建置變動頻仍，僧傳中的地名間有錯舛，稍有疏忽，即謬以千里，故必須對其源流進行仔細梳理。
本文的價值之所在，一為匡正歷來學者對《比丘尼傳》部分記載的誤讀。如卷二<江陵牛牧寺慧玉尼傳三>：「南至荊楚，仍住江陵牛牧精舍。誦《法華》、《首楞嚴》等經，旬日通利。郯西道俗，皆歸敬之。」「郯西」，四個註、譯本皆據《資福藏》、《磧砂藏》、《普寧藏》等改為「陝西」，並認為「陝西」即今日之陝西省。實際上，據《南齊書•州郡志》：「江左大鎮，莫過荊、揚。弘農郡陝縣，周世二伯總諸侯，周公主陜東，召公主陜西，故稱荊州為陜西也。」可知其時「陝西」指的是荊州，唯其如此，方能與上文的「南至荊楚」相合。四個註、譯本理解皆誤。本文的第二個價值是提供了僧傳文獻整理的若干可行方法。利用這些方法進行細緻地考證，定然能在學海的沙灘上撿得前人遺落的珍珠。
Buddhist monk biography is an important type of Buddhist literature. The history of Buddhism, language, philosophy and other studies have its material origin in it. The sorting on monk biography literature has been conducted relatively early with fruitful results. Take Lives of Nuns(比丘尼傳) in the six dynasties as an example. The author of this paper has collected two note books, two translations (the vernacular and English translations) and a number of research papers on this subject, from which one can see the attention it has received. However, annotation of books is just like sweeping the leaves, causing the spinning of leaves in the process of sweeping. There are many problems and mistakes in the annotation, research, translation of the book, thus calling for further reinvestigation and examination. In addition, the unique sorting method of this type of monk biography literature should also be integrated into the scope of work of scholars on ancient literature. This paper is divided into two parts: practice and method. The practice part centers on the comparative analysis of the two respective note books and translations of Lives of Nuns(比丘尼傳), sorting out and researching the differences among the four versions. The method part summarizes three practical methods in sorting monk biography: the chronicle compilation, detailed reading and geography test. As monk biography generally follows the time sequence, so the chronicle compilation of the monk and related characters not only makes life distinctly structured, but also helps to identify the strange and controversial part in the biography. For example, the Volume II of Lives of Shihuiqiong（釋慧瓊） in Dazhengzang（大正藏）has the following part: Shihuiqiong （釋慧瓊）went to Kuaiji（會稽）follwing Mengyi（孟顗）in the twentieth year of Yuanjia（元嘉）reign period. In Zifuzang（資福藏）, Qishazang（磧砂藏）, and Puningzang（普寧藏）, the twentieth year of Yuanjia（元嘉）reign period is put as twenty-fourth year of Yuanjia reign period. But according to Mengyi（孟顗）’s chronical based on the historical records, it can be seen that from the twentieth year to the twenty-fourth year of Yuanjia（元嘉）reign period, Mengyi was served as Shangshu puye (尚書仆射) and had not presided over Kuaiji（會稽）. Thus, the twentieth year should be changed into the twenty-fourth year of Yuanjia（元嘉）reign period. The records in Dazhengzang（大正藏）are incorrect. Detailed reading is based on a complete monk biography as reference and means close reading of the questions in the text, researching on the questions from the perspective of text type and context in details. Finally, since the history of China Geography experiences frequent changes, the place names in monk biography are sometimes inaccurate. If ignored, it can be passed far around, so it is of significance to carefully sort out its origins. This value of this thesis lies in the following aspects. The first point is to correct the misreading of some parts in Lives of Nuns(比丘尼傳). For example, the Huiyu Biography（慧玉傳）in Volume II has the following recordings: Huiyu（慧玉） |
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| 目次 | 一、實踐篇 4
二、方法篇 9
三、結語 14 |
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| ヒット数 | 484 |
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| 作成日 | 2014.06.30 |
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| 更新日期 | 2023.09.27 |
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