Front Matter i-vi Table of Contents vii-viii PREFACE ix-xv MAJOR ERAS OF JAPANESE HISTORY xvi-xvi 1 "FLOATING PHRASES AND FICTIVE UTTERANCES": THE RISE AND FALL OF SYMBOLS 1 2 IN AND OUT THE ROKUDŌ: KYŌKAI AND THE FORMATION OF MEDIEVAL JAPAN 26 3 INNS AND HERMITAGES: THE STRUCTURE OF IMPERMANENCE 60 4 SYMBOL AND YŪGEN: SHUNZEI’S USE OF TENDAI BUDDHISM 80 5 CHŌMEI AS HERMIT: VIMALAKĪRTI IN THE “HŌJŌ-KI” 107 6 ZEAMI’S BUDDHISM: COSMOLOGY AND DIALECTIC IN NŌ DRAMA 116 7 SOCIETY UPSIDE-DOWN: KYŌGEN AS SATIRE AND AS RITUAL 133 8 THE POET AS SEER: BASHŌ LOOKS BACK 149 NOTES 165 JAPANESE NAMES AND TERMS 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY 187 INDEX 197 Back Matter 205