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從漢文佛典用例看「何忽」「那忽」及其中「忽」的性質=On the properties of hehu (何忽) ， nahu (那忽) and hu (忽) in these words: Evidence from Chinese Buddhist scripture |
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| 著者 |
董志翹 (著)=Dong, Zhi-qiao (au.)
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| 掲載誌 |
中國語文=Chinese language
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| 巻号 | n.6 (總號=n.387) |
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| 出版年月日 | 2018 |
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| ページ | 728 - 737, 768 |
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| 出版者 | 人民教育出版社 |
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| 出版サイト |
http://www.pep.com.cn/
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| 出版地 | 北京, 中國 [Beijing, China] |
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| 資料の種類 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| キーワード | 何忽=hehu; 那忽=nahu; 擴展形式=expansion form; 性質=properties |
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| 抄録 | "何忽""那忽"是中古漢語中出現的一種用在動詞前面作狀語，表示詢問原因、詰問、責問的語言形式。"何忽""那忽"的性質，學界有的將它們看成一個雙音詞，認為相當於"何""那"，表示"為什麼""怎麼"之義;有的雖沒有明確將它們作為一個詞,但認為其中的"忽"無義,僅是湊足一個音節的語助。本文通過調查同時期語料（特別是漢文佛典中的大量用例），發現"何忽"與"何"，"那忽"與"那"存在著一定的差異。首先，使用此類"何忽""那忽"作狀語的句子，往往帶有因突然發生、發現某事而驚訝、責問的意味。"何忽"的擴展形式是"如何+忽""雲何+忽""如何+忽然""雲何+忽然""雲何+忽爾"；"那忽"的擴展形式是"奈何+忽""奈何+忽然""奈何+忽爾""奈何+忽焉"。其次，歷代文獻中以"忽"為語素的雙音詞，其中的"忽"均有實義，未見為湊足一個音節而作語助的用法。我們認為"何忽""那忽"中的"忽"並非語助，且有"忽然""突然"之實意，故"何忽""那忽"並非雙音詞，而是兩個單音詞組合的一種凝固形式（或稱"如何+忽""如何+忽然""奈何+忽""奈何+忽然"等的縮略式）。
The preverbal adverbials hehu (何忽) and nahu (那忽) appeared in Middle Chinese, meaning to ask for reason, to interrogate, and to ask questions. Some previous studies viewed hehu and nahu as disyllabic words, which are simply equivalents to he (何) and na (那), meaning why and how. In spite of not explicitly stating hehu and nahu as words, some other studies considered hu (忽) as carrying no meaning and merely a particle to form a syllable. This paper finds that there are some differences between hehu and he, nahu and na through investigating corpus data from the same period, with a large number of examples in the Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Sentences with hehu and nahu as adverbials often express a sense of surprise and accusation caused by sudden occurrence or discovery of something. The expanded forms for hehu include ruhe hu (如何忽), yunhe hu (雲何忽), ruhe huran (如何忽然), yunhe huran (雲何忽然) and yunhe hu-er (雲何忽爾), while the expanded forms for nahu include naihe hu (奈何忽), naihe huran (奈何忽然), naihe hu-er (奈何忽爾) and naihe huyan (奈何忽焉). In the literature of past dynasties, the morpheme hu found in disyllabic words had a concrete meaning, and was not used as an auxiliary word to form a syllable. Therefore, it is proposed that the hu in hehu and nahu is not an auxiliary morpheme and it conveys a concrete meaning of sudden. Hehu and nahu are not disyllabic words, but solidified forms resulting from the combination of two monosyllabic words. |
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| 目次 | 1. 問題的提出 728
2. 關於“何忽”及其擴展形式 729
3. 關於“那忽”及其擴展形式 733
4. 關於“何忽”“那忽”及其中“忽”的性質 735 |
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| ISSN | 05781949 (P) |
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| ヒット数 | 42 |
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| 作成日 | 2024.03.08 |
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| 更新日期 | 2024.03.08 |
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