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A Polar Star Among Vietnamese Nuns: Bhikkhuni Nhu Thanh (1911-1999)=越南比丘尼對越南佛教的貢獻 -- 過去與現在 |
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| 著者 |
Thich Nu, Nhu Nguyet=釋如月
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| 掲載誌 |
國際佛教善女人大會（第11屆）=Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women(11th)
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| 出版年月日 | 2009.12.28 |
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| 出版者 | Sakyadhita: the international association of buddhist women |
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| 出版サイト |
http://www.sakyadhita.org/
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| 出版地 | HCM City, Vietnam [胡志明市, 越南] |
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| 資料の種類 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| ノート | 會議地點：越南胡志明市；時間：2009.12.18 - 2010.01.03；大會主題：傑出的女性修行者與典範=Eminent Buddhist Women |
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| 抄録 | Since ancient times, Vietnamese Buddhism has been affected by the political currents of the country. During 100 years of French domination (1854-1954), Vietnamese Buddhism became distorted. Ordinary people understood Buddhism as polytheism and most of the pagodas practiced superstitious forms of worship and rituals. Fortunately, at the beginning of the 20th century, following the Buddhist reform movements initiated by Dharmapala in India and by Bhiksu Taixu (1890-1947) in China, a movement to reform Vietnamese Buddhism arose, as the result of a campaign carried out by several senior monks. From 1920 to 1945, this movement spread throughout the country and several Buddhist institutes and associations for the study of Buddhist doctrine were founded.
After World War II, Buddhist organizations were re-opened in Hanoi under the leadership of Bhikkhunis Tri Lien and Tri Hai. In Saigon, Bhikkhuni Nhu Thanh established Hue Lam Nunnery for training bhikkhunis to teach Dharma and do charity work. Wherever she went, Bhikkhuni Nhu Thanh worked quietly and patiently to mobilize and unify Vietnamese nuns. This created a firm foundation for the bhikkhuni revival movement and the founding of the Bhikkhuni Sangha Association of South Vietnam in 1956. The unification of bhikkhunis was not only to gather strength to struggle for equal rights between monks and nuns, but to support, encourage, and enhance the capacity of all bhikkhunis to educate other human beings and shine the light of Dharma to remove the darkness of ignorance everywhere.
This paper introduces the work of an exemplary bhikkhuni who devoted her entire life to teaching the Dharma to help liberate human beings from suffering. Happily, her achievements are being amplified by successive generations. At present, the daughters of the Buddha throughout the world are making great strides in many different fields. In Vietnam, the leadership qualities of Bhikkhuni Nhu Thanh helped propel the Vietnamese Bhikkhuni Sangha through difficult times to great achievements and a bright future.
早在西元一千年，佛教就已經傳到越南了。雖然如此，越南佛教學人至今依然不知道比丘尼傳承是甚麼時候傳入越南的。越南佛教史只有少數有關女眾出家為尼的記載。當然，沒有紀錄不表示沒有出家女衆。有時候，到處都可以看見比丘尼，但是歷史記載的卻都只是那些對社會有影響力或者有大成就的比丘尼。有趣的是，傳說在早期的越南史裡，偉大的女性為了爭取獨立自主而出家。十一世紀時，這個傳統正式的被公認了，也讓我們更了解佛教女性在歷史上所扮演的角色。從那時起，記載中女性的生活、行動、德行，以及她們對國家的貢獻，都是讓人欽佩的例子，都是可以鼓舞下一代的例子。即使在佛教低潮期，傳統佛教修行依然很受上層社會女性和一般人的歡迎。
在越南佛教革命運動時，出家女衆第一次與出家男衆主動合作，攜手弘揚佛陀教育，以及開始作社會福利事業。他們創辦和重修寺廟、以佛陀教育培養出家女衆、給在家女眾職業訓練、以及出版書籍和雜誌。在Ngô ?ình Diem獨裁統治的壓迫期間，為了捍衛佛法，出家女衆與出家男衆肩並肩的，共同示威和自我犧牲。
到了1990年年底，已經有越來越多的年輕的越南比丘尼有機會出國深造，而年長資深的比丘尼則被派去駐守越南佛教僧團的地方辦公處和國家辦公處。2009年1月1日，越南比丘尼僧團(源於1957年)重新設了另一個組織。
這篇文獻嘗試重新呈現越南比丘尼的形象和活動。文獻強調的是(1)越南佛教女性的歷史; (2)越南比丘尼僧團的發展;(3)越南比丘尼僧團當今的挑戰和未來的展望。 |
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| ヒット数 | 1248 |
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| 作成日 | 2010.01.18 |
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| 更新日期 | 2015.08.18 |
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