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佛教反對死刑及其對應報律與世俗權力的態度=Buddhist Attitude Against the Death Penalty and Its Corresponding Report Law and Secular Powers |
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| 著者 |
溫金柯 (著)=Wen, Jin-ke (au.)
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| 掲載誌 |
成大宗教與文化學報=Journal of Religion and Culture of National Cheng Kung University
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| 巻号 | n.18 |
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| 出版年月日 | 2012.07 |
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| ページ | 63 - 92 |
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| 出版者 | 國立成功大學中國文學系宗教與文化研究室 |
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| 出版サイト |
http://zhncku.med.ncku.edu.tw/buddhism/list.php
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| 出版地 | 臺南市, 臺灣 [Tainan shih, Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| ノート | 作者為輔仁大學宗教研究所博士班(Religion, Fu Jen Catholic University Graduate Institute) |
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| キーワード | 佛教死刑觀=Buddhist view on death penalty; 阿育王=A Yu-Wang; 應報=Retribution; 不殺生成=No killing principle |
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| 抄録 | 從佛教的經典可以看出，佛教對於死刑採取一貫的反對態度。佛陀及其弟子救援死刑犯免於受刑、反對將加害自己的凶犯判處死刑、拒絕擔任劊子手，這些都可視為「不殺生戒」的實踐。佛教的這一態度經由阿育王信佛因緣，而推展到政治實踐中，形成了印度輕刑，乃至於形成長時間沒有死刑的刑罰文化，並影響及於日本與西藏等佛教興盛的國家長期沒有死刑。聲聞佛教與大乘佛教、秘密大乘佛教都在戒律學、業報論、修持觀、神話、咒術等方面發揮了佛教反對死刑的立場。本文最後又從佛教作為精神修持理論的觀點，分析佛教死刑觀反映的對於應報律與權力的理解。在世俗諦中，佛教相信善與福應報律的存在，它超越人的意志與人為的權力。世俗權力是建立在無明煩惱之上的造作，乃是受到應報律的支配，卻不能僭妄的代行應報律。
From the Buddhist classics, it can be seen that Buddhism does not condone the death penalty. Both the Buddah and his disciples perceive the death penalty as the highest form of torture, that forgiveness transcends revenge, and encourages people to refuse the desire to execute someone. This is seen as the fundamental ‘no killing’ principle in Buddhism. A Yu-Wang uses this principle to change the perspective on Buddhist karma, and thus remodeled government policy to reflect this principle and thus changed India’s punishment policy, creating a new culture within India that for a long time did not have any death penalties. This also influenced Japan and Tibet’s view on death penalties, eliminating them from government policies as well, as Buddhism spread over to those regions. Shravaka Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, as well as sophisticated Mahayana Buddhism all used commandments, cycle of retributions, traditional practices, myths and curses to provide cases against the death penalty in Buddhism. This article seeks to highlight the Buddhism condemnation of the death penalty by observing the
spirituality of Buddhism through karma retribution and authority. Overall, the Buddhist thought favors kindness and peace, and believes that it triumphs over the human will and authority. Authority is perceived to be a troublesome matter concocted by people, and is only controlled by karmic retribution, and can not be overlooked. |
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| 目次 | 一、此前的相關研究概述 65
二、佛教的死刑觀的形成與發展 67
(一)從佛教教義的架構來看死刑問題的位置 67
(二)佛陀以不殺生為第一戒並屢次「救援死刑犯」 69
(三)佛的聲聞弟子拒絕「為己施死刑」及「由己施死刑」 71
(四)阿育王信佛與其刑事政策的改變 72
(五)阿育王之後佛教興盛地區廢止死刑的記載 76
(六)聲聞佛教論刑罰中的殺戮 77
(七)聲聞佛教論王權與殺戮 80
(八)大乘經中的菩薩戒與死刑 81
(九)大乘菩薩無條件救護死刑犯的信仰與法門 83
三、佛教的死刑觀與其精神修持論 85
(一)戒學的原理：尊重而不侵犯他人的權利 85
(二)倫理與定學：不殺生戒與慈心觀 86
(三)拒斥死刑論與慧學 88
四、結語 90
(一)死刑的使用與社會的淨化 90
(二)死刑與應報律的公平性 91
(三)最後的話 92 |
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| ISSN | 18136400 (P); 18136400 (E) |
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| ヒット数 | 716 |
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| 作成日 | 2015.06.03 |
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| 更新日期 | 2017.08.16 |
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