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以中觀揚棄在人類沙文主義與生態法西斯主義兩極端中的自性見 ── 討論國家公園內既存宗教設施之合法化問題 |
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| 著者 |
張蘭石 =Chang, Nam-sat
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| 掲載誌 |
法印學報=Journal of Dharma Seals
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| 巻号 | n.6 |
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| 出版年月日 | 2016.04 |
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| ページ | 73 - 102 |
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| 出版者 | 財團法人弘誓文教基金會 |
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| 出版サイト |
https://www.hongshi.org.tw/
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| 出版地 | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| ノート | 作者：玄奘大學宗教與文化學系助理教授
Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Religion and Culture, Hsuan Chuang University
本文係國科會整合型研究計畫《台灣本土宗教倫理思想對生態、環境的論述、影響與前瞻》之第三期報告，子計畫為《台灣環境倫理與動物倫理之佛教論述、影響與前瞻》。該項計畫編號為 NSC 101-2632-H-364-001-MY3-。本計畫執行期間自民國 101 年 08 月 01 日起至 104 年 07 月 31 日止。
This article is the third report on a Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project number is NSC 101-2632-H-364-001-MY3. The execution of this project is during August 1, 2012 until July 31, 2015.
本文初稿發表於 104 年 5 月 30 日，第十三屆「印順導師思想之理論與實踐──從傳統到現代，從理論到應用」學術會議。 |
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| キーワード | 陽明山=Yangmingshan; 國家公園=National Park; 宗教設施=religious facilities; 中道=Madhyamaka; 生態法西斯=ecofascism |
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| 抄録 | 在 1985 年陽明山國家公園劃設前，已有許多宗教設施存在於陽明山區域。國家公園內既存宗教設施的違章爭議與潛在問題，存在已久。陽明山國家公園內之寺廟共 74 所，多數未登記。由於國家公園內宗教設施難以合法化，導致了許多問題。問題包括生態倫理爭議、違建、佔用公有地，以及相關宗教組織的傳承困難等等。由於難以全方位顧及相 關問題的所有面向，以致於任何的政府決策與學者評論都受爭議。
為了多面向研討學者們對陽明山既存未登記宗教設施的調查結果，本文嘗試運用師龍樹的中觀，分析其合法化問題是緣自「生態保育」與「環境正義」問題。其次，作者也檢視「效能」與「權利」這兩個論述「環境正義」的進路的解釋效力與限制。最後，作者認為這些矛盾的觀點都是辯證性的、條件性的，「無自性」的。「環境正義」的根本訴求，是每一個道德主體在環境問題上獲得平等的關懷與尊重；而談環境利益與負擔的分配時，也應尊重每一有情個體與宗教團體。所以，若無限上綱堅持自然生態，完全不顧生命個體與宗教團體的存續，並非中道。基於黃運喜與吳惠巧的研究，本文建議：針對 1985 以前既存卻未合法化的宗教設施，政府應拿出寬厚作法來輔導其合法化；但若涉及土地的脆弱性，主管機關宜審慎審議而採取措施輔導搬遷。
There were many religious buildings existing in Yangmingshan area before 1985 when Yangmingshan National Park hasn’t been designated. The legal disputes and potential problems of existing religious facilities in the national parks have existing for years. There are 74 temples located in Yangmingshan National Park and most of them are unregistered due to the difficulty on legalizing them. This unregistered issue caused many problems. Those problems include ecological ethics controversy, construction of buildings without license, illegal occupation of public lands, disputes over the transfer of farmland ownership, and the difficulty of the inheritance of involved religious groups, etc. Due to the difficulty taking all aspects into account, the government decisions and the comments from scholars are usually controversial.
In order to discuss the investigations into the problems of the unregistered religious facilities in Yangmingshan National Park from dialectical multi-faceted perspectives, the author apply Four Alternatives Dialectics because the Four Alternatives(catuṣkoṭi) employed particularly by
Nāgārjuna is an application of Madhyamaka to the complete analysis of
specific argument. The author begins with comprehending all involved
problems by Four Alternatives Dialectics, and then demonstrate how the
legalization issues derives from the environmental justice issues and ecosystem conservation issues. In the second place, according to perspectives of “utilitarian” and “rights”, which are the different approaches of explanation of environmental justice, the author also shows the limitations of these two diverse perspectives. Finally, the author affirms that these contradictory viewpoints are all dialectical, dependent and without absolute essentiality. The fundamental target of environmental justice is that every moral agent is treated by equal concern and respect in the consideration about environmental issue. The allocation of environmental benefit and burden should respect for every sentient individual and religious group.
Based on the researches of Yun-shi Huang and Hui-chiao Wu, this paper suggests that the government should prove more lenient to provide a path to legalization for illegal land use of unlicensed religious facilities established before 1985, but if problems involve vulnerability and sustainable development of land, public administrations should give them due consideration in their deliberations and take some countermeasures. |
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| 目次 | 一、前言：合法化之需要、困難與盲點 77
二、文獻回顧 78
三、環環相扣之問題的全面觀察 82
四、合法化困境的中觀：法令的盲點與制定背景 85
五、環境正義的中觀：國家公園既存宗教設施的是與非 86
（一）國家公園的劃定使合法化登記的門檻加高 86
（二）檢視是否有原民與外來者之間的糾葛 88
（三）檢視是否有官商勾結的不當開發 88
（四）當地聚落自然形成之既有 v.s.外來大型宗教企業之開發 89
六、生態保育的中觀：生態法西斯與人類沙文主義的兩極 89
（一）生態保育上面臨的人類沙文主義 89
（二）生態保育上面臨的生態法西斯主義 90
（三）難以拿捏的評估報告 92
（四）評估宗教設施對生態之影響時的宗教學思辯 95
七、宗教傳承的中觀：自性見兩端是任由傳承斷絕或要求就地合法 96
八、結論：不落極端的中道建議 96 |
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| ISSN | 22241299 (P) |
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| ヒット数 | 316 |
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| 作成日 | 2020.06.11 |
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