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A Japanese Pilgrim’s Visit to Wutai in the Winter of 1072=1072年冬一位日本朝聖者的五臺山之旅 |
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| 著者 |
Borgen, Robert (著)=包瀚德 (au.)
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| 掲載誌 |
一山而五頂：多學科、跨方域、多文化視野中的五臺信仰研究國際學術研討會=An International Conference The Mountain of Five Plateaus： Studies of The Wutai Cult in Multidisciplinary and Transborder/Cultural Approaches
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| 出版年月日 | 2015.07 |
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| 出版者 | 山西省佛教協會 |
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| 出版地 | 山西, 中國 [Shanxi, China] |
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| 資料の種類 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| 言語 | 英文=English |
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| ノート | 主辦方: Buddhist association of Shanxi Province 山西省佛教協會
作者單位：University of California in Davis 美國加州大學戴維斯分校
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| 抄録 | During the Heian period, few Japanese ventured overseas, particularly after 840, when the last ship of Japan’s final diplomatic missions to the Tang court returned home and, perhaps not coincidentally, Chinese merchants began to appear with some regularity in Japan. Among those who did travel to China, Buddhist monks were conspicuous because, although they were few in number, they kept records of their travels, some of which have been preserved. Pilgrimage to the Wutai Mountains was one of their principle goals. The Japanese pilgrim who left the most complete record of his journey to Wutai was Jōjin (1011-1081), who went to China in 1072 with seven disciples and remained there until his death. When five of his disciples returned to Japan in 1073, they brought with them Jōjin’s diary, The Record of a Pilgrimage to the Tiantai and Wutai Mountains (San Tendai Godai San Ki) in eight scrolls, of which the fifth covers their journey to Wutai in the eleventh and twelfth months of the Chinese calendar. Although it took nearly a month to get there, Jōjin spent only three full days at Wutai before heading back to the Song capital of Kaifeng, where he arrived just in time to greet the new year. During his brief stay, Jōjin accomplished the goals of his pilgrimage. He presented offerings he had brought from Japan and witnessed a manifestation of Mañjuśrī, the bodhisattva thought to dwell at Wutai. His account reveals both the importance of Wutai in the Buddhist imagination of Heian aristocrats and also provided a detailed, day by day, account of how a privileged pilgrim (Jōjin was traveling with an imperial escort) made the journey to Wutai. Details he provides range from the operation of the official system of relay stations to graffiti left by previous Chinese pilgrims.
在平安時代，尤其是在840年當日本最後的遣唐使返回家鄉、而中國商人也許並非偶然地開始較為經常地出現在日本之後，日本人就很少到海外探險了。在那些確實到過中國旅行的人中，佛教僧人引人矚目，因為儘管人數寥寥，他們留下了旅行記錄，而且其中一些至今尚存。到五臺山朝聖，是這些僧人的主要目標之一。成尋 (1011-1081年在世)是留下了最為詳盡的五臺山遊記的日本朝聖者，他於1072年帶著7名徒弟到達中國，至死未曾離開。1073年，成尋的五位弟子在返回日本時帶上了師父的八卷日記《參天台五臺山記》，該書第五卷記錄了他們於農曆十一月及十二月到五臺山的旅程。儘管花了近一個月努力才到達，成尋在五臺山只留了三天就返回汴京，剛剛趕上在這個京城裡慶祝新年。在逗留五臺山的短暫期間，成尋完成了此行朝聖的任務。他獻上了自日本帶來的供物，並目睹了據稱以五臺山為道場的文殊菩薩的顯聖。他的日記，揭示出五臺山在平安時代貴族的佛教想像中的重要性，同時也提供了對一次高規格的五台朝聖之旅（成尋由皇帝派遣的一位使節護送）的詳細的、逐日的記錄。他所提供的細節，包括驛站系統的運作，以及此前參訪五台的中國朝聖者所留下的塗鴉。 |
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| ヒット数 | 122 |
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| 作成日 | 2020.10.16 |
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| 更新日期 | 2020.10.27 |
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