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Monastic Officials on Mount Wutai under the Ming Dynasty=明代五臺山僧官 |
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| 著者 |
Guang, Kuan=釋寬廣
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| 掲載誌 |
一山而五頂：多學科、跨方域、多文化視野中的五臺信仰研究國際學術研討會=An International Conference The Mountain of Five Plateaus： Studies of The Wutai Cult in Multidisciplinary and Transborder/Cultural Approaches
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| 出版年月日 | 2015.07 |
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| 出版者 | 山西省佛教協會 |
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| 出版地 | 山西, 中國 [Shanxi, China] |
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| 資料の種類 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| 言語 | 英文=English |
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| ノート | 主辦方: Buddhist association of Shanxi Province 山西省佛教協會
作者單位：King’s college, the University of London 英國倫敦大學國王學院 |
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| 抄録 | Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Ming emperor, established his empire relying on a rebel group, which initially formed through a mixture of Buddhist and Zoroastrian beliefs. Being fully aware of the power of religious faith, as soon as he ascended the throne this Ming emperor created (and later adapted) a centralised system of monk officials under his political order to oversee all Buddhist activities in his empire. Through examining various records, particularly inscriptions and tombstones, this paper reconstructs the monk official system on Wutai Shan, and reveals how monk officials were appointed, and how this monk official system functioned during the Ming dynasty. We will also see the difference between the Wutai Shan monk official system and the monk official system in Nanjing. Nanjing monk officials had the authority of overseeing the entire Buddhist community in that territory. Although there was also a Buddhist Office on Wutai Shan, the monasteries there did not follow the same administration system as in Nanjing. Rather they had a federal arrangement. It was not the business of the Wutai Shan Buddhist Office to interfere in the affairs of an individual monastery. Wutai Shan monk officials played a role of intermediary between the Ming government and individual monasteries on Wutai Shan.
借助於明教和紅巾軍的勢力，朱元璋建立了大明王朝。宗教對政權的影響對明太祖來說是再清楚不過了。登基不久，他便設立了一套僧官體系並將之納入其政府的編制之內，以便更有效的控制和監督宗教勢力。本文通過對五臺山各種碑文及墓誌銘的研究， 再現了明朝五臺山的僧官制度。其中涉及了僧官的任命，各級僧官的許可權，及其之間的相互關係。再者，通過對比南京的僧官制度，本文將展開討論五臺山僧官制度的特點。南京的僧官體系是和其地區之內的大小寺院的等級隸屬相掛鉤的，而五臺山的僧官制度比較複雜，加之各個教派之間的文化語言差別，使之沒能形成一個完整統一的體系。五臺山的僧官機構更像是一個聯邦政府，五臺山各大寺院相對擁有更多的自主權利，和皇室之間的牽連決定了其許可權的大小。僧官機構在五臺山上所起到的是一種協調和召集人的作用。 |
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| ヒット数 | 216 |
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| 作成日 | 2020.10.16 |
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| 更新日期 | 2020.10.27 |
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