deva (m., "god")
Nom. devah
Acc. devan
Voc. devah
phala (n., "fruit")
Nom. phalani
Acc. phalani
Voc. phalani
1st person plural: vad+a+mah
2nd person plural: vad+a+tha
3rd person plural: vad+a+nti
gam- (to go) and yam- (to give) change -m- to -cch-: gacchati, yacchati; sad- (to sit) changes -a- to -i-: sidati; stha- (to stand) changes the whole root to tistha: tisthasi; is (to want) changes -s- to -cch-: icchanti.
Negative form of the verb is formed by adding a particle -na- in front of the verb. So: na gacchami (I do not go or I am not going), na vadanti (they do not say, they are not saying).
Sanskrit uses enclitics which are added after the word they belong to: ca (and), va (or), tu (but), eva (particle of emphasis, just): ksetraj phalani ca or ksetraj ca phalani ca (field and fruits), ksetraj phalani va or ksetraj va phalani va (field or fruits), bhojanaj tu (but the food...), buddham eva (just the Buddha, the Buddha only).
In Sanskrit, the verb "to be" can be ommited in the sentence. Thus: narah kutra? (Where [is] the man?), bhojanam atra (the food [is] here).
1. balah kataj diwati |
2. kutra katah |
3. brahmanah sada yajanti devan |
4. kada gramaj gacchanti putrah |
5. grhamatra tisthati |
6. nrpah kva sidati |
7. nagaramadhuna gacchamah |
8. nagarameva gacchami |
9. danani yacchanti |
10. tatra dhavanti gajah |
11. grhaj na tyajati narah |
12. narandevah srjati |
13. gramamadya viwamah |
14. yada dhavatha tada patatha |
15. yatra grhani tatra narah |
16. devaj brahmanah wajsanti |
17. tatha jivamah |
18. margaj diwatha balah |
19. jalamicchanti gajah |
20. jalaj na sprwamah |
21. devannamanti |
22. balah ksiramicchati |
23. dhanamicchamah |
24. adya ksetrani na krsamah |
25. kada danani yacchatha |
26. kutra jalam |
1. Where are you (pl.) going?
2. Brahmins still sit there.
3. Kshatriyas don't give gifts.
4. Where are the elephants?
5. I want water.
6. We are leaving the world today.
7. Where the water does not flow, there the people do not live.
8. We praise the boys.
9. Do you want milk?
10. The man steps on (viw-) the mat.
11. Boys, you are pointing the way.
12. Where is the city, there stay the houses.
is-, icchati (VI): to want, to yearn for
gam-, gacchati (I): to go
tyaj-, tyajati (I): to leave, to give up
diw-, diwati (VI): to show, to point
dhav-, dhavati (I): to run
nam-, namati (I): to bow, to prostrate, to worship
yam-, yacchati (I): to give
viw-, viwati (VI): to enter
wajs-, wajsati (I): to praise, to extol
sad-, sidati (I): to sit, to sit down
srj-, srjati (VI): to create
stha-, tisthati (I): to stand, to stay
sprw-, sprwati (VI): to touch
kata-, m.: mat
ksira-, n.: milk
gaja-, m.: elephant
grama-, m.: village
jala-, n.: water
dana-, n.: gift
deva-, m.: god, lord
dhana-, n.: wealth, money
nagara-, n.: city, town
putra-, m.: son
marga-, m.: way, road
eva, adv.: just, only
kada, adv.: when?
tatha, adv.: thus, so
tada, adv.: then, at that time
yatra, adv.: where (relative)
yada, adv.: when (relative)