Eko dhammo 一法 (one thing)

【eka-dhammo】 一法 (one thing)

⊙ sappurisa-saṁsevo 親近善士 (associating with good persons)

⊙ sabbe sattā āhāra-ṭṭhitikā 一切有情皆依食住 (all beings are maintained

by nutriment)

Dve dhammā 二法 (two things)

【dve dhammā】 二法 (two things)

⊙ nāmaṁ 名 (name)

rūpaṁ 色 (form)

⊙ avijjā 無明 (ignorance)

bhava-taṇhā 有愛 (craving for existence)

⊙ bhava-diṭṭhi 有見 (f. the view of existence)

vibhava-diṭṭhi 無見 (the view of non-existence)

⊙ hiri 慚 (f. moral shame)

ottappaṁ 愧 (moral dread, to be afraid of evil)

⊙ sovacassatā 柔順 (suavity, gentleness) (言談的)

kalyāṇa-mittatā 友善 (friendship) (舉止的)

⊙ sati (正)念 (mindfulness)

sampajaññaṁ 正知 (clarity of consciousness; clear comprehension)

⊙ samatho 止 (tranquillity)

vipassanā 觀 (insight)

⊙ sīla-visuddhi 戒清淨 (the purification of morality)

diṭṭhi-visuddhi 見清淨 (the purification of view)

Tayo dhammā 三法 (three things)

【tayo addhā】 三時 (three times)

‧atīto addhā 過去時 (past time)

‧anāgato addhā 未來時 (future time)

‧paccuppanno addhā 現在時 (present time)

【tayo āsavā】 三漏 (lit. “influxes”, cankers)

‧kāmāsavo 欲漏 (the canker of sense-desire)

‧bhavāsavo 有漏 (the canker of (desiring eternal) existence)
‧avijjāsavo 無明漏 (the canker of ignorance)

【tayo kusala-saṅkappā】 三善思 (three kinds of wholesome thought)

‧nekkhamma-saṅkappo 出離思 (the thought of renunciation)

‧avyāpāda-saṅkappo 無恚思 (the thought of non-ill-will)

‧avihiṁsā-saṅkappo 無害思 (the thought of harmlessness)

【tīṇi kammāni】 三業 (three actions)

‧kāya-kammaṁ 身業 (action by body)

‧vacī-kammaṁ 語業 (action by speech)

‧mano-kammaṁ 意業 (action by mind)

【tīṇi akusala-mūlāni】 三不善根 (three unwholesome roots)

‧lobho 貪 (greed)

‧doso 瞋 (hatred,anger)

‧moho 癡 (delusion)

【tīṇi kusala-mūlāni】 三善根 (three wholesome roots)

‧alobho 無貪 (greedlessness)

‧adoso 無瞋 (hatelessness)

‧amoho 無癡 (non-delusion)

【tīṇi cakkhūni】 三眼 (three kinds of eyes)

‧maṁsa-cakkhu 肉眼 (the physical eye)

‧dibba-cakkhu 天眼 (the divine eye)

‧paññā-cakkhu 慧眼 (the eye of wisdom)

【tīṇi saṁyojanāni】 三結 (three fetters)

‧sakkāya-diṭṭhi 身見 (personality-belief)

‧vicikicchā 疑 (sceptical doubt)

‧sīlabbata-parāmāso 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

【tisso dhātuyo】 三界 (three world-elements)

‧kāma-dhātu 欲界 (f. sensuous world)

‧rūpa-dhātu 色界 (fine-material world)

‧arūpa-dhātu 無色界 (immaterial world)

【tisso vedanā】 三受 (three sensations or feelings)

‧sukhā-vedanā 樂受 (agreeable feeling)

‧dukkhā-vedanā 苦受 (disagreeable feeling)

‧adukkha-m-asukhā vedanā 不苦不樂受 (indifferent or neutral feeling)

(= upekkhā vedanā 捨受)

【tisso dukkhatā】 三苦性 (three kinds of suffering)

‧dukkha-dukkhatā 苦苦性 (the suffering as pain)

‧saṅkhāra-dukkhatā 行苦性 (the suffering inherent in the formations)

‧vipariṇāma-dukkhatā 壞苦性 (the suffering as due to change)

【tisso taṇhā】 三愛 (lit. “thirst”, three kinds of cravings)

‧kāma-taṇhā 欲愛 (sensual craving)

‧bhava-taṇhā 有愛 (craving for existence)

‧vibhava-taṇhā 無有愛 (craving for non-existence)

【aparā pi tisso taṇhā】 另有三愛 (three more kinds of cravings)

‧kāma-taṇhā 欲愛 (craving for sensual existence)

‧rūpa-taṇhā 色愛 (craving for fine-material existence)

‧arūpa-taṇhā 無色愛 (craving for immaterial existence)

【tisso vidhā】 三慢 (three forms of conceit or pride, = tayo mānā)

‧ “seyyo ’haṁ asmîti ” vidhā 「我勝」慢 (the conceit of “I am better than …”)

‧ “sadiso ’haṁ asmîti ” vidhā 「我等」慢 (the conceit of “I am equal to …”)

‧ “hīno ’haṁ asmîti ” vidhā 「我劣」慢 (the conceit of “I am worse than…”)

【tisso sikkhā】 三學 (three kinds of training)

‧adhisīla-sikkhā 增上戒學 (training in higher morality)

‧adhicitta-sikkhā 增上心學 (training in higher mentality)

‧adhipaññā-sikkhā 增上慧學 (training in higher wisdom)

【tisso vijjā】 三明 (three supernormal knowledges)

‧pubbe-nivāsânussati-ñāṇaṁ vijjā 宿命智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of remembering one’s former existences)

‧sattānaṁ cutûpapāte ñāṇaṁ vijjā 生死智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of knowing the decease and rebirth of beings)

(= dibba-cakkhu 天眼，divine eye)

‧āsavānaṁ khaye ñāṇaṁ vijjā 漏盡智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of realizing the extinction of all cankers)

Cattāro dhammā 四法 (four things)

【cattāro āhārā】 四食 (four nutriments)

‧kabaliṅkāro āhāro, oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā 段食(摶食)，或粗或細

(material food, gross or subtle)

‧phasso dutiyo 第二，觸(食) ((sensory or mental) contact as second)

‧mano-sañcetanā tatiyā 第三，意思(食) (mental volition as third)

‧viññāṇaṁ catutthaṁ 第四，識(食) (consciousness as fourth)

【cattāro saṁgaha-vatthāni】 四攝事 (four ways of showing favour or four

bases of sympathy)

‧dānaṁ 布施 (generosity)

‧peyyavajjaṁ 愛語 (pleasing speach)

‧attha-cariyā 利行 (beneficial conduct)

‧samānattatā 同事 (imparciality)

【cattāri upādānāni】 四取 (four kinds of clinging)

‧kāmûpādānaṁ 欲取 (sensuous clinging)

‧diṭṭhûpādānaṁ 見取 (clinging to views)

‧sīlabbatûpādānaṁ 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

‧attavādûpādānaṁ 我語取 (clinging to the personality-belief)

【cattāro oghā】 四流 (four floods ) (= cattāro āsavā 四漏 four cankers)

‧kāmogho 欲流 (flood of sense-desire) (= kāmāsavo 欲漏)

‧bhavogho 有流 (flood of (desiring eternal) existence) (= bhavāsavo有漏)

‧diṭṭhogho 見流 (flood of (wrong) views) (= diṭṭhāsavo 見漏)

‧avijjogho 無明流 (flood of ignorance) (= avijjāsavo 無明漏)

【cattāro anariya-vohārā】 四非聖語 (four ignoble modes of speech)

‧musā-vādo 妄語 (lying)

‧pisuṇā-vācā 兩舌 (slandering, mischief-making, alienation)

‧pharusā-vācā 惡口 (rude speech)

‧samphappalāpo 綺語 (foolish babble)

【apare pi cattāro anariya-vohārā】 另有四非聖語 (four more un-Ariyan

modes of speech)

‧adiṭṭhe diṭṭha-vāditā 不見言見 (claiming to have seen what one has not seen)

‧assute suta-vāditā 不聞言聞 (claiming to have heard what one has not heard)

‧amute muta-vāditā 不覺言覺 (claiming to have sensed what one has not sensed)

‧aviññāte viññāta-vāditā 不知言知 (claiming to have known what one has not known)

【cattāri ariya-saccāni】 四聖諦 (for noble truths)

‧dukkhaṁ 苦 (suffering)

‧dukkha-samudayo 苦之集 (origin of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodho 苦之滅 (cessation of suffering) cessation of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodha-gāminī paṭipadā 趣向苦滅之道 (the way leading to the G

【cattāri padhānāni】 四勤 (four efforts)

‧saṁvara-padhānaṁ 律儀勤 (the effort to avoid (unwholesome states))

‧pahāna-padhānaṁ 斷勤 (the effort to overcome (unwholesome states))

‧bhāvanā-padhānaṁ 修勤 (the effort to develop (wholesome states))

‧anurakkhaṇā-padhānaṁ 隨護勤 (the effort to maintain (wholesome states))

【cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni】 四預流支 (four (preliminary) conditions to Stream-entry)

‧sappurisa-saṁsevo 親近善士 (companionship with good persons)

‧saddhamma-savanaṁ 聽聞正法 (hearing the Good Law)

‧yoniso-manasikāro 內正思維 (wise reflection)

‧dhammânudhamma-paṭipatti 法次法向 (living in conformity with the Law)

【cattāri sotāpannassa aṅgāni】 四預流果支 / 四不壞淨 (four characteristic

qualities of a Stream-winner)

‧buddhe avecca-ppasādena samannāgato hoti 於佛不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Enlightened One)

‧dhamme avecca-ppasādena samannāgato hoti 於法不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Doctrine)

‧saṅghe avecca-ppasādena samannāgato hoti 於僧不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Order)

‧ariya-kantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti 聖 [所愛] 戒成就 (endowed with the

perfect morality or the morality dear to the Noble Ones)

【cattāri sāmañña-phalāni】 四沙門果 (four fruits of monkhood)

‧sotāpatti-phalaṁ 須陀洹果 (the fruit of Stream-entrance)

‧sakadāgāmi-phalaṁ 斯陀含果 (the fruit of Once-return)

‧anāgāmi-phalaṁ 阿那含果 (the fruit of Non-return)

‧arahatta-phalaṁ 阿羅漢果 (the fruit of Perfect Holiness)

【catasso dhātuyo】 四界 (four physical elements)

‧paṭhavī-dhātu 地界 (earth or solid-element)

‧āpo-dhātu 水界 (water or fluidity-element)

‧tejo-dhātu 火界 (fire or heat-element)

‧vāyo-dhātu 風界 (wind or motion-element)

= cattāro mahā-bhūtā 四大種 (four primary elements)

【catasso yoniyo】 四生 (four modes of generation) cf. M.12

‧aṇḍaja-yoni 卵生 (generation from the egg)

‧jalābuja-yoni 胎生 (generation from the mother’s womb)

‧saṁsedaja-yoni 濕生 (generation from moisture)

‧opapātika-yoni 化生 (spontaneous rebirth (in heaven, hell, etc.))

【catasso appamaññāyo】 四無量(心) (four boundless states (of mind))

‧mettā 慈 (loving-kindness)

‧karuṇā 悲 (compassion)

‧muditā 喜 (appreciative joy)

‧upekkhā 捨 (equanimity) (not apathy or indifference)

(= cattāro brahma-vihārā 四梵住，four sublime or divine abodes)

【cattāro satipaṭṭhānā】 四念處 / 四念住 (four foundations of mindfulness)

‧kāye kāyānupassī viharati 身身觀念住 (於身，住於身隨觀；即，對於身
體，隨時處在觀察著身體的狀態) (with reference to the body, he lives

observing the body) (or … he abides contemplating the body)

‧vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati 受受觀念住 (於受，住於受隨觀) (with

reference to the feelings, he lives observing the feelings)

‧citte cittānupassī viharati 心心觀念住 (於心，住於心隨觀) (with

reference to the mind, he lives observing the mind)

‧dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati 法法觀念住 (於法，住於法隨觀)

(with reference to the mind-objects, he lives observing the mind-objects)

【cattāro pañha-vyākaraṇā】 四記答 / 四記問 (four ways of answering questions)

((《長阿含‧9眾集經》，大1-51b) 復有四法，謂四記論。)

‧ekaṁsa-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 決定記論 (或 應一向記問——有的問題應予

明確、決定的回答) (there are questions requiring a direct answer)

‧vibhajja-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 分別記論 (或 應分別記問——有的問題應分

不同的情況，予以分別不同的解答) (there are questions requiring

an explanation)

‧paṭipucchā-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 詰問記論 (或 應反詰記問——有的問題

應以反問的方式，逐步引導，使其明白) (there are questions to be

answered by counter-questions)

‧ṭhapanīyo-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 止住記論 (或 應捨置記問——有的問題對

趣向清淨解脫沒有積極益處的，不應作答) (there are questions to

be set aside)

【cattāri dhamma-samādānāni】 四受持法 (four ways of undertaking dhamma)

((《中阿含‧174 受法經》，大1-711b) 世間真實有四種受法，云何為四？)

‧atth’ āvuso dhamma-samādānaṁ paccuppannaṁ dukkhaṁ, āyatiñ ca

dukkha-vipākaṁ. 或有受法，現苦當來亦受苦報 (there is the way that

is painful in the present and brings painful future results)

‧atth’ āvuso dhamma-samādānaṁ paccuppannaṁ dukkhaṁ, āyatiñ ca

sukha-vipākaṁ. 或有受法，現苦當來受樂報 (there is the way that

is painful in the present and brings pleasant future results)

‧atth’ āvuso dhamma-samādānaṁ paccuppannaṁ sukhaṁ, āyatiñ ca

dukkha-vipākaṁ. 或有受法，現樂當來受苦報 (there is the way that

is pleasant in the present and brings painful future results)

‧atth’ āvuso dhamma-samādānaṁ paccuppannaṁ sukhaṁ, āyatiñ ca

sukha-vipākaṁ. 或有受法，現樂當來亦受樂報 (there is the way that

is pleasant in the present and brings pleasant future results)

(另參《長阿含‧9眾集經》，大1-50c)

Pañca dhammā 五法 (five things)

【pañca-kkhandhā】 五蘊 (five aggregates or groups)

‧rūpa-kkhandho 色蘊 (the corporeality-group)

‧vedanā-kkhandho 受蘊 (the feeling-group)

‧saññā-kkhandho 想蘊 (the perception-group)

‧saṅkhāra-kkhandho 行蘊 (the mental-formation-group)

‧viññāṇa-kkhandho 識蘊 (the consciousness-group)

【pañcûpādāna-kkhandhā】 五取蘊 (five aggregates of clinging or grasping)

‧rūpûpādāna-kkhandho 色取蘊 (the corporeality-group of clinging)

‧vedanûpādāna-kkhandho 受取蘊 (the feeling-group of clinging)

‧saññûpādāna-kkhandho 想取蘊 (the perception-group of clinging)

‧saṅkhārûpādāna-kkhandho 行取蘊 (the mental-formation-group of clinging)

‧viññāṇûpādāna-kkhandho 識取蘊 (the consciousness-group of clinging)

【pañca gatiyo】 五趣 (lit. “going”, five courses of existence or five destinies)

‧nirayo 地獄 (hell)

‧tiracchāna-yoni 畜生 (the realm of animals or the brute creation)

‧petti-visayo 餓鬼道 (ghost realm, the world of hungry ghosts)

‧manissā 人 (human world)

‧devā 天 (heavenly world)

【pañca nīvaraṇāni】 五蓋 (five hindrances)

‧kāmacchanda-nīvaraṇaṁ 欲貪蓋 (sensuous desire)

‧vyāpāda-nīvaraṇaṁ 瞋恚蓋 (ill-will)

‧thīna-middha-nīvaraṇaṁ 昏沈睡眠蓋 (sloth and torpor)

‧uddhacca-kukkucca-nīvaraṇaṁ 掉舉惡作蓋 (restlessness and scruples)

‧vicikicchā-nīvaraṇaṁ 疑蓋 (sceptical doubt)

【pañca sikkhāpadāni】 五學處 (five steps of training, five moral rules)

‧pāṇātipātā veramaṇī 離殺生 (abstaining from killing living beings)

‧adinnādānā veramaṇī 離不與取 (abstaining from taking what is not given)

‧kāmesu micchācārā veramaṇī 離邪淫 (abstaining from misconduct in

sensual pleasures)

‧musāvādā veramaṇī 離妄語 (abstaining from lying or false speech)

‧surā-meraya-majja-pamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī 離種種酒類--放逸之根本

(abstaining from wine, liquor,and intoxicants, which are the basis of negligence)

【pañc’ oram-bhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni】 五下分結 (five low fetters)

‧sakkāya-diṭṭhi 身見 (personality-belief)

‧vicikicchā 疑 (sceptical doubt)

‧sīlabbata-parāmāso 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

‧kāmacchando / kāma-rāgo 欲貪 (sensuous desire or sensuous craving)

‧vyāpādo 瞋恚 (ill-will)

【pañc’ uddham-bhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni】 五上分結 (five higher fetters)

‧rūpa-rāgo 色貪 (craving for fine-material existence)

‧arūpa-rāgo 無色貪 (craving for immaterial existence)

‧māno 慢 (conceit)

‧uddhaccaṁ 掉 (restlessness)

‧avijjā 無明 (ignorance)

【pañc’ indriyāni】 五根 (five faculties)

‧sukhindriyaṁ 樂根 (the faculty of bodily pleasant feeling)

‧dukkhindriyaṁ 苦根 (the faculty of bodily pain)

‧somanassindriyaṁ 喜根 (the faculty of gladness)

‧domanassindriyaṁ 憂根 (the faculty of sadness)

‧upekhindriyaṁ 捨根 (the faculty of indifference)

【aparāni pi pañc’ indriyāni】 另有五根 (five more faculties)

‧saddhindriyaṁ 信根 (the faculty of faith)

‧viriyindriyaṁ 精進根 (the faculty of energy)

‧satindriyaṁ 念根 (the faculty of mindfulness)

‧samādhindriyaṁ 定根 (the faculty of concentration)

‧paññindriyaṁ 慧根 (the faculty of wisdom)

【pañca vimutti-paripācaniyā saññā】 五解脫成熟想 (five perceptions making

for maturity of liberation)

‧anicca-saññā 無常想 (the perception of impermanence)

‧anicce dukkha-saññā 無常苦想 (the perception of suffering in impermanence)

‧dukkhe anatta-saññā 苦無我想 (the perception of impersonality in suffering)

‧pahāna-saññā 斷想 (the perception of abandoning)

‧virāga-saññā 離貪想 (the perception of dispassion or detachment)

※另 ti-lakkhaṇaṁ 三相 (three characteristics of existence)

Cha dhammā 六法 (six things)

【cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni】 六內處 (six internal / personal bases or sources)

‧cakkhâyatanaṁ 眼處 (the base of eye or visual organ)

‧sotâyatanaṁ 耳處 (the base of ear or auditory organ)

‧ghānâyatanaṁ 鼻處 (the base of nose or olfactory organ)

‧jivhâyatanaṁ 舌處 (the base of tongue or gustatory organ)

‧kāyâyatanaṁ 身處 (the base of body or tactile organ)

‧manâyatanaṁ 意處 (the base of mind or consciousness)

【cha bāhirāni āyatanāni】 六外處 (six external bases or sources)

‧rūpâyatanaṁ 色處 (the base of visible object)

‧saddâyatanaṁ 聲處 (the base of sound or audible object)

‧gandhâyatanaṁ 香處 (the base of odour or olfactive object)

‧rasâyatanaṁ 味處 (the base of taste or gustative object)

‧phoṭṭhabbayâyatanaṁ 觸處 (the base of body-impression or tangible object)

‧dhammâyatanaṁ 法處 (the base of mind-object)

【cha anussati-ṭṭhānāni】 六隨念處 (six objects of recollection)

‧buddhânussati 佛隨念 (念佛) (the recollection of the Buddha)

‧dhammânussati 法隨念 (念法) (the recollection of the Doctrine)

‧saṅghânussati 僧隨念 (念僧) (the recollection of the Community of noble disciples)

‧sīlânussati 戒隨念 (念戒) (the recollection of morality)

‧cāgânussati 施隨念 (念施) (the recollection of liberality or renunciation)

‧devatânussati 天隨念 (念天) (the recollection of the heavenly beings)

※另 ti-ratanaṁ 三寶 (Three Jewels or Three Gems)

ti-saraṇaṁ 三歸依 (Threefold Refuge)

Satta dhammā 七法 (seven things)

【satta ariya-dhanāni】 七聖財 (seven treasures of the Noble)

‧saddhā-dhanaṁ 信財 (the treasure of faith)

‧sīla-dhanaṁ 戒財 (the treasure of morality)

‧hiri-dhanaṁ 慚財 (the treasure of moral shame)

‧ottappa-dhanaṁ 愧財 (the treasure of moral dread)

‧suta-dhanaṁ 聞財 (the treasure of learing)

‧cāga-dhanaṁ 施財 (the treasure of liberality or renunciation)

‧paññā-dhanaṁ 慧財 (the treasure of wisdom)

【satta sambojjhaṅgā】 七覺支 (the seven factors of enlightenment)

‧sati-sambojjhaṅgo 念覺支 (the enlightenment-factor of mindfulness)

‧dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhaṅgo 擇法覺支 (… of investigation of the law or

of (bodily and mental) phenomena)

‧viriya-sambojjhaṅgo 精進覺支 (… of energy)

‧pīti-sambojjhaṅgo 喜覺支 (… of rapture)

‧passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgo 輕安覺支 (… of tranquillity)

‧samādhi-sambojjhaṅgo 定覺支 (… of concentration)

‧upekhā-sambojjhaṅgo 捨覺支 (… of equanimity)

【satta sappurisa-dhammā】 七善士法 (seven qualities of the true man)

‧dhammaññū 知法 (knowing the doctrine)

‧atthaññū 知義 (knowing the meaning)

‧attaññū 自知 (knowing self)

‧mattaññū 知量 (knowing moderation)

‧kālaññū 知時 (knowing the right time)

‧parisaññū 知眾 (knowing groups)

‧puggalaññū 知人 (knowing persons)

【satta balāni】 七力 (seven powers)

‧saddhā-balaṁ 信力 (the power of faith)

‧viriya-balaṁ 精進 (the power of energy)

‧hiri-balaṁ 慚力 (the power of moral shame)

‧ottappa-balaṁ 愧力 (the power of moral dread)

‧sati-balaṁ 念力 (the power of mindfulness)

‧samādhi-balaṁ 定力 (the power of concentration)

‧paññā-balaṁ 慧力 (the power of wisdom)

Aṭṭha dhammā 八法 (eight things)

【aṭṭha sammattā】 八正 (eight rightnesses)

‧sammā-diṭṭhi 正見 (right view)

‧sammā-saṅkappo 正思 (right thought)

‧sammā-vācā 正語 (right speech)

‧sammā-kammanto 正業 (right bodily action)

‧sammā-ājīvo 正命 (right livelihood)

‧sammā-vāyāmo 正精進 (right effort)

‧sammā-sati 正念 (right mindfulness)

‧sammā-samādhi 正定 (right concentration)

= ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo 聖八支道 (Noble Eightfold Path)

【aṭṭha micchattā】 八邪 (eight wrongnesses)

‧micchā-diṭṭhi 邪見 (wrong view) 等等

【aṭṭha puggala-dakkhiṇeyyā】 八應供人 (eight persons worthy of offerings)

‧sotâpanno 須陀洹 (the Stream-Winner)

‧sotâpatti-phala-sacchikiriyāya paṭipanno 向須陀洹 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Stream-Entry)

‧sakad-āgāmī 斯陀含 (the Once-Returner)

‧sakad-āgāmi-phala-sacchikiriyāya paṭipanno 向斯陀含 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Once-Return)

‧anāgamī 阿那含 (the Non-Returner)

‧anāgami-phala-sacchikiriyāya paṭipanno 向阿那含 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Non-Return)

‧arahā 阿羅漢 (the Arahant or the Holy One)

‧arahattāya paṭipanno 向阿羅漢 (one who has practised to realize the

fruition of Arahantship or Holiness)

【aṭṭha parisā】 八眾 (eight assemblies)

‧khattiya-parisā 剎帝利眾 (the assembly of Khattiyas)

‧brāhmaṇa-parisā 婆羅門眾 (the assembly of Brahmins)

‧gahapati-parisā 居士眾 (the assembly of householders)

‧samaṇa-parisā 沙門眾 (the assembly of ascetics)

‧cātummahārājika-parisā 四大(天)王眾 (the assembly of devas of the Realm

of the Four Great Kings)

‧tāvatiṁsa-parisā 三十三天眾 (the assembly of the Thirty-Three Gods)

‧māra-parisā 魔眾 (the assembly of Māras)

‧brahma-parisā 梵眾 (the assembly of Brahmās)

【aṭṭha loka-dhammā】 八世法 (eight worldly conditions)

‧lābho 利(得) (gain)

‧alābho 衰(損) (loss)

‧yaso 稱，聲名 (honour or fame)

‧ayaso 譏，惡名 (dishonour or shame)

‧nindā 毀，詆毀 (blame)

‧pasaṁsā 譽，讚賞 (praise)

‧sukhaṁ 樂 (happiness)

‧dukkhaṁ 苦 (misery)

Nava dhammā 九法 (nine things)

【nava anupubba-nirodhā】 九次第滅 (nine successive cessations or extinctions)

‧paṭhama-jjhānaṁ samāpannassa kāma-saññā niruddhā honti 入初禪者，欲想滅

(in him who has entered the first jhāna or absorption, the sensuous

perceptions are extinguished)

‧dutiya-jjhānaṁ samāpannassa vitakka-vicārā niruddhā honti 入二禪者，尋思滅

(having entered the second jhāna, thought-conception and discursive

thinking are extinguished)

‧tatiya-jjhānaṁ samāpannassa pīti niruddhā honti 入三禪者，喜滅 (having

entered the third jhāna, rapture is extinguished)

‧catuttha-jjhānaṁ samāpannassa assāsa-passāsā niruddhā honti 入四禪者，入

出息滅 (having entered the fourth jhāna, in-and-out breathing are

extinguished)

‧ākāsânañcâyatanaṁ samāpannassa rūpa-saññā niruddhā honti 入「空無邊處

定」者，色想滅 (having entered the sphere of boundless space, the

corporeality perceptions are extinguished)

‧viññāṇañcâyatanaṁ samāpannassa ākāsânañcâyatana-saññā niruddhā honti

入「識無邊處定」者，空無邊處想滅 (having entered the sphere of

boundless consciousness, the perception of the sphere of boundless space

is extinguished)

‧ākiñcaññâyatanaṁ samāpannassa viññāṇañcâyatana-saññā niruddhā honti

入「無所有處定」者，識無邊處想滅 (having entered the sphere of

nothingness, the perception of the sphere of boundless consciousness

is extinguished)

‧neva-saññā-nāsaññâyatanaṁ samāpannassa ākiñcaññâyatana-saññā niruddhā

honti 入「非想非非想處定」者，無所有處想滅 (having entered the

sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, the perception of the

sphere of nothingness is extinguished)

‧saññā-vedayita-nirodhaṁ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca niruddhā honti

入「想受滅(定)」者，想與受滅 (having entered the extinction of

perception and feeling, perception and feeling are extinguished)

Dasa dhammā 十法 (ten things)

【dasa kasiṇâyatanāni】 十遍處 (ten kasina-spheres or objects for the attainment

of absorption)

‧paṭhavaī-kasiṇaṁ 地遍 (earth-kasina)

‧āpo-kasiṇaṁ 水遍 (water-kasina)

‧tejo-kasiṇaṁ 火遍 (fire-kasina)

‧vāyo-kasiṇaṁ 風遍 (wind-kasina)

‧nīla-kasiṇaṁ 青遍 (blue-kasina)

‧pīta-kasiṇaṁ 黃遍 (yellow-kasina)

‧lohita-kasiṇaṁ 赤遍 (red-kasina)

‧odāta-kasiṇaṁ 白遍 (white-kasina)

‧ākāsa-kasiṇaṁ 空遍 (space-kasina)

‧viññāṇa-kasiṇaṁ 識遍 (consciousness-kasina)

【dasa anusatī】 十隨念 (ten objects of recollection)

‧buddhânussati 佛隨念 (念佛) (the recollection of the Buddha)

‧dhammânussati 法隨念 (念法) (the recollection of the Doctrine)

‧saṅghânussati 僧隨念 (念僧) (the recollection of the Community of noble disciples)

‧sīlânussati 戒隨念 (念戒) (the recollection of morality)

‧cāgânussati 施隨念 (念施) (the recollection of liberality or renunciation)

‧devatânussati 天隨念 (念天) (the recollection of the heavenly beings)

‧maraṇa-sati 念死 (mindfulness on death)

‧kāyagatā-sati 念身 (mindfulness on the body)

‧ānāpāna-sati 安那般那念 (念入出息) (mindfulness on breathing)

‧upasamânussati 寂止隨念 (念寂止) (the recollection of peace)

【dasa kusala-kammapathā】 十善業道 (tenfold wholesome courses of action)

‧pāṇâtipātā veramaṇī 離殺生 (abstaining from killing living beings)

‧adinnâdānā veramaṇī 離不與取 (abstaining from taking what is not given)

‧kāmesu micchâcārā veramaṇī 離邪淫 (abstaining from misconduct in

sensual pleasures)

‧musā-vādā veramaṇī 離妄語 (abstaining from lying or false speech)

‧pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī 離兩舌 (abstaining from slandering or alienation)

‧pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī 離惡口 (abstaining from rude speech)

‧samphappalāpā veramaṇī 離綺語 (abstaining from foolish babble)

‧anabhijjhā 無貪 (greedlessness or unselfishness)

‧avyāpādo 無瞋 (hatelessness or good-will)

‧sammā-diṭṭhi 正見 (right views)

【dasa akusala-kammapathā】 十不善業道 (tenfold unwholesome courses of action)

‧pāṇâtipāto, adinnâdānaṁ, kāmesu micchâcāro

‧musā-vādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo

‧abhijjhā, vyāpādo, micchā-diṭṭhi

【dasa pāramiyo】 十波羅蜜 (ten perfections, ten qualities leading to Buddhahood)

‧dāna-pāramī 施波羅蜜 (perfection in giving or liberality)

‧sīla-pāramī 戒波羅蜜 (perfection in morality)

‧nekkhamma-pāramī 離欲波羅蜜 (perfection in renunciation)

‧paññā-pāramī 智慧波羅蜜 (perfection in wisdom)

‧viriya-pāramī 精進波羅蜜 (perfection in energy)

‧khanti-pāramī 忍辱波羅蜜 (perfection in patience or forbearance))

‧sacca-pāramī 真實波羅蜜 (perfection in truthfulness)

‧adhiṭṭhāna-pāramī 決意波羅蜜 (perfection in resolution)

‧mettā-pāramī 慈波羅蜜 (perfection in loving-kindness)

‧upekkhā-pāramī 捨波羅蜜 (perfection in equanimity)

【dasa asekhā dhammā】 十無學法 (ten qualities of the non-learner)

‧asekhā sammā-diṭṭhi 無學正見 (the non-learner’s right view)

‧asekho sammā-saṅkappo 無學正思 (the non-learner’s right thought)

‧asekhā sammā-vācā 無學正語 (the non-learner’s right speech)

‧asekho sammā-kammanto 無學正業 (the non-learner’s right bodily action)

‧asekho sammā-ājīvo 無學正命 (the non-learner’s right livelihood)

‧asekho sammā-vāyāmo 無學正精進 (the non-learner’s right effort)

‧asekhā sammā-sati 無學正念 (the non-learner’s right mindfulness)

‧asekhā sammā-samādhi 無學正定 (the non-learner’s right concentration)

‧asekhaṁ sammā-ñāṇaṁ 無學正智 (the non-learner’s right knowledge)

‧asekhā sammā-vimutti 無學正解脫 (the non-learner’s right liberation)

【paṭicca-samuppādo】 緣起 (dependent origination)

‧avijjā-paccayā saṅkhārā 無明緣-行 (緣無明，有行) (from ignorance-cause

are the “karma-formations”; ie, “karma-formations” are caused by

ignorance)

‧saṅkhāra-paccayā viññāṇaṁ 行緣-識 (緣行，有識) (from the karma-

formations-cause is consciousness)

‧viññāṇa-paccayā nāma-rūpaṁ 識緣-名色 (緣識，有名色) (from

consciousness-cause are the mental and phisical phenomena)

‧nāma-rūpa-paccayā saḷāyatanaṁ 名色緣-六入 (from the mental-and-

phisical-phenomena-cause are the six bases)

‧saḷāyatana-paccayā phasso 六入緣-觸 (from the six-base-cause is the

(sensorial mental) impression)

‧phassa-paccayā vedanā 觸緣-受 (from the impression-cause is feeling)

‧vedanā-paccayā taṇhā 受緣-愛 (from feeling-cause is craving)

‧taṇhā-paccayā upādānaṁ 愛緣-取 (from craving-cause is clinging)

‧upādāna-paccayā bhavo 取緣-有 (from clinging-cause is the process of

becoming)

‧bhava-paccayā jāti 有緣-生 (from becoming-process-cause is rebirth)

‧jāti-paccayā jarā-maraṇaṁ 生緣-老死 (from rebirth-cause are old age and

death)