Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
If there is no wound in the palm, one can carry poison
with it.
The poison does not affect one who is without a wound.
There is no evil for one, who is not doing it.
pāṇimhi ce
vaṇo na
assa hareyya pāṇinā
visaṃ
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N.m. part. N.m.
neg. V.act. V.act.
N.m. N.n.
Loc.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
na abbaṇaṃ
visam anveti na
atthi pāpaṃ
akubbato
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neg. Adj.m. N.n.
V.act.in. neg. V.act.in. N.n.
Adj.m.
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3.Sg.pres. | 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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pāṇimhi: pāṇi-, N.m.: palm, hand. Loc.Sg. = pāṇimhi.
ce, part.: if.
vaṇo: vaṇa-, N.m.: wound. Nom.Sg. = vaṇo.
na, neg.: not.
assa, V.: should be. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.opt. = assa.
Euphonic combination: na + assa = nāssa.
hareyya, V.: can carry. The verb root is har- (to carry). 3.Sg.act.opt. = hareyya.
List of Abbreviations
pāṇinā: pāṇi-, N.m.: hand, palm. Ins.Sg. = pāṇinā.
visaṃ: visa-, N.n.: poison. Acc.Sg. = visaṃ.
na, neg.: not.
abbaṇaṃ:
abbaṇa-, Adj.: without a wound. It
is the word vaṇa- (see above) with
the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.m. = abbaṇaṃ.
Euphonic combination: na + abbaṇaṃ
= nābbaṇaṃ.
visam: visa-, N.n.: poison. Nom.Sg. = visam.
List of Abbreviations
anveti: follows. The verb root is i- (to go), preceded by prefix anu- (with, along, following). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = anveti.
na, neg.: not.
atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = n'atthi.
pāpaṃ: pāpa-, Adj.: evil, wrong. As an N.n.: evil, wrong doing. Nom.Sg. = pāpaṃ.
akubbato: akubbant-, Adj.: not doing. It is the word kubbant-, Adj.: doing, which is an a.pr.p. of the verb root kar- (to do), negated by the negative prefix a-. Gen.Sg.m.= akubbato.
List of Abbreviations
This verse contains three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) pāṇimhi
ce vaṇo nāssa
hareyya pāṇinā
visaṃ (if there is no wound in the palm,
one can carry poison with it). This can be further subdivided into two
segments:
a) pāṇimhi
ce vaṇo nāssa
(if there is no wound in the palm). The subject is the noun vaṇo
(wound, nominative singular). It has the noun pāṇimhi
(in the palm, locative singular) as an attribute. The verb is assa
(should be, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). It is negated
by the negative particle na (not). The verb is also modified by
the particle ce (if).
b) hareyya pāṇinā
visaṃ (one can carry poison with the palm).
The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun.
The verb is hareyya (one can carry, 3rd person, singular,
active, optative). It has an attribute, the noun pāṇinā
(with the hand, instrumental singular). The object is the noun visaṃ
(poison, accusative singular).
2) nābbaṇaṃ
visam anveti (the poison does not affect one who is without a wound).
The subject is the noun visam (poison, nominative singular). The
verb is anveti (follows, affects, 3rd person, singular,
active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle
na (not). The object is the adjective abbaṇaṃ
(one without a wound, accusative singular).
3) n'atthi pāpaṃ
akubbato (there is no evil for one, who is not doing it). The subject
is the noun pāpaṃ
(evil, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The object is the noun akubbato
(for the one who is not doing, genitive singular).
A daughter of a rich family once lived
in Rājagaha. She was very wise and understood
the Dharma - she had attained the first stage of Awakenment. Once she met
a hunter named Kukkuṭa Mitta and they fell
in love. They got married and had seven children. After many years, all
the children got themselves married.
Once the Buddha walked past one of
Kukkuṭa Mitta's traps and he sat under a tree
not far away and rested. Kukkuṭa Mitta came,
saw the footsteps, but he saw no animal. So he thought that somebody stole
his animal from the trap. Seeing the Buddha close, he took him to be that
person. He became very angry and wanted to kill the Buddha. He took his
bow and arrow, but as he was about to shoot he became immobilized just
like a statue. His children came next and saw what happened to their father.
They too took bows and arrows and tried to shoot the Buddha, only to become
"statues" themselves. When they did not return in time, the hunter's wife
went to the forest to look for them. When she saw what happened, she shouted
to them, "Don't kill my father!"
The hunter and his children thought
that the Buddha was her real father and they ceased hating him. Immediately
they were able to move again. The woman told them to put down their bows
and arrows and when they did so, the Buddha expounded the Dharma. At the
end of the discourse, all of them also attained the first stage of Awakenment.
The Buddha went back to the monastery
and told the monks the story. Some monks wondered how the woman, having
already reached the first stage of Awakenment, could help her husband to
take lives of animals. The Buddha replied with this verse, saying that
if one has no intention to commit evil, no bad karma is actually created.
Word pronunciation:
pāṇimhi
ce
vaṇo
na
assa
hareyya
pāṇinā
visaṃ
abbaṇaṃ
anveti
atthi
pāpaṃ
akubbato