| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Everybody trembles at punishment; life is dear to everybody.
Having made the comparison with oneself, let one not
kill, nor cause another to kill.
sabbe tasanti
daṇḍassa sabbesaṃ
jīvitaṃ
piyaṃ
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Adj.m. V.act.in.
N.m. Adj.m. N.n.
Adj.n.
Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Gen.Sg. Gen.Pl.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
attānaṃ
upamaṃ katvā
na haneyya na ghātaye
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N.m. N.f.
V.ger. neg. V.act. neg. V.act.caus.
Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. |
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3.Sg.opt.
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sabbe: sabba-, Adj.: all, every. Nom.Pl.m. = sabbe.
tasanti, V.: tremble, shake, have fear. The verb root is tas-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = tasanti.
daṇḍassa: daṇḍa-, N.m.: stick, club, punishment. Gen.Sg. = daṇḍassa.
sabbesaṃ: sabba-, Adj.: all, every. Gen.Pl.m. = sabbesaṃ.
jīvitaṃ: jīvita-, N.n.: life. It is derived from the verb root jīv- (to live). Nom.Sg. = jīvitaṃ.
piyaṃ: piya-, Adj.: dear, beloved, pleasant. Nom.Sg.n. = piyaṃ.
attānaṃ: attan-, N.m.: self, oneself. Acc.Sg. = attānaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
upamaṃ: upamā-, N.f.: comparison, example. Acc.Sg. = upamaṃ.
katvā, V.ger.: having done. The verb root is kar- (to do).
na, neg.: not.
haneyya, V.: should kill. The verb root is han-. 3.Sg.ac.opt. = haneyya.
na, neg.: not.
ghātaye, V.: should cause to kill. It is a causative from the root han- (to strike, to beat). 3.Sg.act.caus.opt. = ghātaye.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) sabbe tasanti daṇḍassa
(everybody trembles at punishment). The subject is the adjective sabbe
(all, everybody, nominative plural). The verb is tasanti (tremble,
3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the noun daṇḍassa (of punishment,
genitive singular).
2) sabbesaṃ
jīvitaṃ piyaṃ
(life is dear to everybody). The subject is the noun jīvitaṃ
(life, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective sabbesaṃ
(everybody's, genitive plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb
"to be". The object is the adjective piyaṃ
(dear, nominative singular).
3) attānaṃ
upamaṃ katvā
na haneyya na ghātaye (having made the
comparison with oneself, let one not kill, nor cause another to kill).
This can be further subdivided into two segments:
a) attānaṃ
upamaṃ katvā
(having made the comparison with oneself). The subject is omitted; the
third person singular pronoun is implied. The verb is in gerundive, katvā
(having done). The object is the noun upamaṃ
(comparison, accusative singular) with its attribute, the adjective/noun
attānaṃ
(oneself, accusative singular).
b) na haneyya na ghātaye
(let one not kill, nor cause another to kill). The subject is omitted;
the third person singular pronoun is implied. There are two verbs haneyya
(should kill, 3rd person, singular, active, optative) and ghātaye
(should cause to kill, 3rd person, singular, active, causative,
optative). They are both negated by negative particles na (not).
In the last verse (see DhP 129) we
saw monks beating each other because of a building. But the question of
the building arose again. The second group of monks still intended to take
it for themselves and again, the first group did not agree to that.
As a new rule was established, the
monks from the second group did not physically attack the first group,
but they made threatening gestures to them. The monks from the first group
were frightened and cried out.
The Buddha again admonished the second
group of monks, telling them this verse. And he also set another rule,
that monks should not make threatening gestures to each other.
Word pronunciation:
sabbe
tasanti
daṇḍassa
sabbesaṃ
jīvitaṃ
piyaṃ
attānaṃ
upamaṃ
katvā
na
haneyya
ghātaye