| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who does not hurt with a stick beings that desire happiness,
searching for happiness himself, he will reach happiness
after death.
sukha+kāmāni
bhūtāni
yo daṇḍena
na vihiṃsati
|
| |
|
| |
|
N.n. Adj.n.
N.n. Rel.Pron.m. N.m. neg. V.act.in.
|
Acc.Pl. Acc.Pl. Nom.Sg. Ins.Sg.
| 3.Sg.pres.
|_________|
|
|
| |______|
|___________|
|
|________|
|______________|____________|
| |_________________________________________I.
|_____________________|
|______________________________________II.
List of Abbreviations
attano sukham esāno
pecca so
labhate sukhaṃ
|
| |
| |
|
|
N.m. N.n.
Adj.m. V.ger. Pron.m. V.med.in. N.n.
Gen.sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. |
Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|__________|
| |
|
|________|
|___________| |______|_____________|
I.__________|
|_____|
II.______________________________|
sukhakāmāni:
sukhakāma-, Adj.: desiring happiness.
It is a compound of:
sukha-, N.n.: happiness.
kāma-,
N.m.: wish, desire.
Acc.Pl.n. = sukhakāmāni.
bhūtāni: bhūta-, N.n.: being, creature. Acc.Pl. = bhūtāni.
yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.
daṇḍena: daṇḍa-, N.m.: stick, club, punishment. Ins.Sg. = daṇḍena.
na, neg.: not.
vihiṃsati, V.: hurts. The verb root is hiṃs- (to hurt) with the prefix vi- (intensifying sense). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = vihiṃsati.
List of Abbreviations
attano: attan-, N.m./Pron.: self, oneself. Gen.Sg. = attano.
sukham: sukha-, N.n.: happiness. Acc.Sg. = sukham.
esāno: asana-, Adj.: searching, striving for. It is an med.pr.p. of the verb esati (to search, to strive for). The verb root is is- (to wish) with the prefix ā- (towards). Nom.Sg.m. = esāno.
pecca, V.ger.: after death. It is a ger. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix pa- (directional prefix of forward motion). This verb means literally "to go over", it is used as an euphemism for "to die".
so: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = so.
labhate, V.: obtains, gets. The verb root is labh-. 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = labhate.
sukhaṃ: see above (sukham).
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two connected
sentences. They are:
1) sukhakāmāni
bhūtāni yo daṇḍena
na vihiṃsati attano sukham esāno
(who does not hurt with a stick beings that desire happiness, searching
for happiness himself). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who,
nominative singular). It has an attribute, the medium present participle
esāno (searching, nominative singular).
This word has its own attribute, the noun sukham (happiness, accusative
singular) with the noun/pronoun attano (one's own, genitive singular)
as an attribute. The noun is vihiṃsati
(hurts, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has an
attribute, the noun daṇḍena (with a
stick, instrumental singular). The object is the noun bhūtāni
(beings, accusative plural) with its attribute, the compound sukhakāmāni
(desiring happiness, accusative plural).
2) pecca so labhate sukhaṃ
(he will reach happiness after death). The subject is the personal pronoun
so (he, nominative singular). The verb is labhate (obtains,
reaches, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
It has an attribute, the gerund pecca (having gone over, after death).
The object is the noun sukhaṃ (happiness,
accusative singular).
The story for this verse is identical
with that to the previous one (DhP 131).
To abstain from violence is one of
the basic principles of the Buddha's teaching. Especially in the case of
the young men hurting the snake it can be seen that to hurt somebody first
to stop him from hurting me is not a good idea.
We should practice the universal loving
kindness, known as mettā and try to
radiate it to all the directions. When faced with danger, we should radiate
this mettā towards the being that intends
or might intend to hurt us.
Word pronunciation:
sukhakāmāni
sukha
kāmāni
bhūtāni
yo
daṇḍena
na
vihiṃsati
attano
sukham
esāno
pecca
so
labhate