Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

sujīvaṃ ahirikena kākasūrena dhaṃsinā

pakkhandinā pagabbhena saṃkiliṭṭhena jīvitaṃ

(DhP 244)




Sentence Translation:

Easy is life for somebody who is shameless, unconscientious,
offensive, braggart, reckless and impure.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

sujīvaṃ ahirikena kāka+sūrena  dhaṃsinā
|                 |           |          |             |
Adj.n.    Adj.m.   N.m. Adj.m.    Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. Ins.Sg.     |     Ins.Sg.    Ins.Sg.
|                 |           |______|            |
|                 |_________|__________|__________________I.
|________________________________________________II.

List of Abbreviations

pakkhandinā pagabbhena saṃkiliṭṭhena jīvitaṃ
      |                     |                  |               |
Adj.m.             Adj.m.         Adj.m.       N.n.
Ins.Sg.             Ins.Sg.         Ins.Sg.    Nom.Sg.
I.__|____________|__________|               |
                 |_________________________|
II.___________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

sujīvaṃ: sujīva-, Adj.: easy to live. It is derived from the verb root jīv- (to live) with the prefix su- (easy, good). Nom.Sg.n. = sujīvaṃ.

ahirikena: ahirika-, Adj.: shameless, unscrupulous. It is derived from the word hirī-, N.f.: sense of shame, conscience. There is added a negative prefix a- and an adjective suffix -ka.
Ins.Sg.m. = ahirikena.

kākasūrena: kākasūra-, N.m.: unconscientious man, somebody without shame. Lit. "a crow hero". It is a compound of:
    kāka-, N.m.: crow.
    sūra-, N.m.: hero.
Ins.Sg. = kākasūrena.

List of Abbreviations

dhaṃsinā: dhaṃsin-, Adj.: obtrusive, offensive. Ins.Sg.m. = dhaṃsinā.

pakkhandinā: pakkhandin-, Adj.: bold, braggart. Lit. "jumping forth". It is derived from the verb root khand- (to jump) with the prefix pa- (forth). Ins.Sg.m. = pakkhandinā.

pagabbhena: pagabbha-, Adj.: reckless, daring. Ins.Sg.m. = pagabbhena.

saṃkiliṭṭhena: saṃkiliṭṭha-, Adj.: bad, impure, unclean. It is a p.p. of the verb kilis- (to go bad, to get stained, to be impure) with the prefix saṃ- (altogether). Ins.Sg.m. = saṃkiliṭṭhena.

jīvitaṃ: jīvita-, N.n.: life. Originally it is a p.p. of the verb root jīv- (to live). Nom.Sg. = jīvitaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    The subject of this sentence is the noun jīvitaṃ (life, nominative singular). It has six attributes: 1) the adjective ahirikena (by a shameless one, instrumental singular), 2) the noun kākasūrena (by an unconscientious one, instrumental singular), 3) dhaṃsinā (by an offensive one, instrumental singular), 4) pakkhandinā (by a braggart one, instrumental singular), 5) pagabbhena (by a reckless one, instrumental singular) and 6) saṃkiliṭṭhena (by an impure one, instrumental singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the adjective sujīvaṃ (easy to live, nominative singular).




Commentary:

    There was a monk named Cūla Sāri. He was a physician and he often went to see patients. Once he was returning from a patient and he met Venerable Sāriputta. Cūla Sāri told him his patient gave him delicious food as a payment. He offered some food to Sāriputta, who did not say anything and just continued on his way.
    Later Sāriputta reported the matter to the Buddha. The Buddha told Cūla Sāri not to practice medicine for personal gain and told him this verse (and the following one, DhP 245).




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

sujīvaṃ
ahirikena
kākasūrena
kāka
sūrena
dhaṃsinā
pakkhandinā
pagabbhena
saṃkiliṭṭhena
jīvitaṃ