| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who kills living beings, speaks falsely,
takes whatever in the world is not given and goes to
another's wife,
[continued in DhP 247]
yo
pāṇam atipāteti
musā+vādaṃ
ca bhāsati
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Rel.Pron.m. N.m. V.act.caus. Adv.
N.m. conj. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
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3.Sg.pres.
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List of Abbreviations
loke adinnam ādiyati
para+dāraṃ
ca gacchati
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N.m. Adj.n. V.med.in.
Adj. N.f. conj. V.act.in.
Loc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. |
Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
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yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.
pāṇam: pāṇa-, N.m.: breath, life, living being. Acc.Sg. = pāṇam.
atipāteti, V.: destroys, kills. It is a causative of the verb root pat- (to fall) with the prefix ati- (on to). 3.Sg.act.caus.pres. = atipāteti.
musāvādaṃ:
musāvāda-,
N.m.: lying, lie. It is a compound of:
musā,
Adv.: falsely, wrongly.
vāda-,
N.m.: speaking, talk. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to
speak).
Acc.Sg. = musāvādaṃ.
ca, conj.: and.
bhāsati, V.: speaks. The verb root is bhās-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhāsati.
List of Abbreviations
loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.
adinnam: adinna-, Adj.: what is not given. It is the word dinna-, Adj.: given (it is a p.p. of the verb root dā-, to give) negated by the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.n. = adinnam.
ādiyati, V.: takes up, seizes, grasps. The verb root is dā- (to give) with the prefix ā- (towards). 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = ādiyati.
paradāraṃ:
paradārā-,
N.f.: other's wife. It is a compound of:
para-, Adj.: different, other.
dārā-,
N.f.: wife.
Acc.Sg. = paradāraṃ.
ca: see above.
gacchati, V.: goes. The verb root is gam- (to go). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = gacchati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four sentences.
They all have as a subject the relative pronoun yo (who, whoever,
nominative singular):
1) pāṇam
atipāteti (kills living beings). The verb
is atipāteti (kills, 3rd
person, singular, active, causative, present tense). The object is the
noun pāṇam (living being, accusative
singular).
2) musāvādaṃ
ca bhāsati (speaks falsely). The verb
is bhāsati (speaks, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the
compound musāvādaṃ
(lie, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this
sentence to the other ones.
3) loke adinnam ādiyati
(takes whatever in the world is not given). The verb is ādiyati
(takes, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense).
The object is the past participle adinnam (not given, accusative
singular). It has an attribute, the noun loke (in the world, locative
singular).
4) paradāraṃ
ca gacchati (goes to another's wife). The verb is gacchati (goes,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the compound paradāraṃ
(to another's wife, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and)
connects this sentence to the other ones.
Not only monks stayed at the Jetavana
monastery. Lay followers would also come to stay for a few days, observe
precepts and meditate. Once five lay disciples observed one precept each.
They all claimed that he was observing the most difficult precept. They
argued for a long time and then reported the matter to the Buddha.
The Buddha replied them with this
verse (and the following ones, DhP 247 and DhP 248), saying that all the
precepts are very difficult and all of them are equally important for a
good life.
Word pronunciation:
yo
pāṇam
atipāteti
musāvādaṃ
musā
vādaṃ
ca
bhāsati
loke
adinnam
ādiyati
paradāraṃ
para
dāraṃ
gacchati