Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
There are no tracks in the sky. There is not a true monk
outside of this teaching.
Mankind delights in obsession. The Buddhas are free of
obsession.
ākāse
padaṃ na
atthi samaṇo
na atthi bāhire
|
| |
|
| |
| |
N.m. N.n.
neg. V.act.in. N.m. neg.
V.act.in. Adv.
Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. |
|
| |______|
| |______|
|
|__________|________|
|
|_________|
|_____|
|______________|
List of Abbreviations
papañca+abhiratā
pajā nippapañcā
tathāgatā
|
|
|
|
|
N.m. Adj.f.
N.f. Adj.m.
N.m.
|
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl.
|___________|
| |________|
|_____________|
ākāse: ākāsa-, N.m.: air, sky, space. Loc.Sg. = ākāse.
padaṃ: pada-, N.n.: track, path. Nom.Sg. = padaṃ.
na, neg.: not.
atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = natthi.
samaṇo:
samaṇa-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering
ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samaṇo.
natthi: see above (na + atthi).
bāhire, Adv.: outside. It is the word bāhira-, Adj.: external. Loc.Sg. = bāhire. Here as an Adv.
List of Abbreviations
papañcābhiratā:
papañcābhirata-,
Adj.: delighting in obsession. It is a compound of:
papañca-,
N.m.: obsession, hindrance to spiritual progress.
abhirati-, N.f.: delight, content.
Euphonic combination: papañca-
+ abhirata- = papañcābhirata-.
Nom.Sg.f. = papañcābhiratā.
pajā: pajā-, N.f.: beings, people, mankind. Nom.Sg. = pajā.
nippapañcā: nippapañca-, Adj.: without obsession, free of spiritual hindrances. It is the word papañca-, N.m. (see above) with the prefix ni- (without). Nom.Pl.m. = nippapañcā.
tathāgatā:
tathāgata-, N.m.: an epithet of the
Buddha. Lit. "thus gone", one who has reached Awakenment in this way (that
is according to the Dharma). It is a compound of:
tathā,
Adv. thus, in such way.
gata-, Adj.: gone. It is a
p.p. of the verb gam- (to go).
Nom.Pl. = tathāgatā.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four sentences.
They are:
1) ākāse
padaṃ natthi (there are no tracks in the
sky). The subject is the noun padaṃ
(track, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the noun
ākāse
(in the sky, locative singular).
2) samaṇo
natthi bāhire (there is not a true monk
outside [of this teaching]). The subject is the noun samaṇo
(monk, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the adverb
bāhire (outside).
3) papañcābhiratā
pajā (mankind delights in obsession).
The subject is the noun pajā (mankind,
nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The
object is the compound papañcābhiratā
(delighting in obsession, nominative singular).
4) nippapañcā
tathāgatā
(the Buddhas are free of obsession). The subject is the noun tathāgatā
(the Buddhas, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb
"to be". The object is the compound nippapañcā
(free of obsession, nominative plural).
The Buddha passed away in the town
of Kusinarā. At that time the ascetic named
Subhadda stayed at Kusinarā. He went to many
religious teachers but none could satisfy his doubts and Subhadda did not
become their pupil. Just before the Buddha died, Subhadda approached him
and asked him some questions. The Buddha answered them in this verse (and
the following one, DhP 255). Subhadda became a monk and later attained
the Awakenment. He was the last direct pupil of the Buddha.
Word pronunciation:
ākāse
padaṃ
na
atthi
samaṇo
bāhire
papañcābhiratā
papañca
abhiratā
pajā
nippapañcā
tathāgatā
tathā
gatā