If one is sluggish and eats too much,
is sleepy and rolls about in his sleep,
such a lazy one is like a fat well fed hog -
will be born again and again.

middhī       yadā        hoti     maha+gghaso    ca
|                    |              |           |          |          |
Adj.m.     Rel.Adv. V.act.in.   Adj.  Adj.m.   conj.
Nom.Sg.        |       3.Sg.pres.    |    Nom.Sg.    |
|                    |              |           |______|         |
|                    |              |                 |________|
|___________|________|______________|_____________________
                    |               |______|
                    |____________|

List of Abbreviations

niddāyitā samparivatta+sāyī
     |                  |             |
  N.m.            Adj.      Adj.m.
Nom.Sg.           |       Nom.Sg.
     |                  |_______|
___|_____________|
                |_____________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

mahā+varāho    va nivāpa+puṭṭho
|              |          |       |           |
Adj.     N.m.    part. N.m.  Adj.m.
|         Nom.Sg.   |       |     Nom.Sg.
|________|          |       |______|
       |__________|_______|
                |_____|
                     |___________________________________________I.
II._____________________________________________________II.

List of Abbreviations

puna+ppunaṃ gabbham  upeti        mando
|             |              |            |               |
Adv.   Adv.        N.m.   V.act.in.    Adj.m.
|_______|         Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
      |____________|_______|               |
                    |____|                             |
I.____________|__________________|
                        |________|
II.________________|

middhī: middhin-, Adj.: sluggish, drowsy. It is the word middha-, N.n. (torpor, sluggishness) with the possessive suffix -in. Nom.Sg.m. = middhī.

yadā, Rel.Adv.: when.

hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhū- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.

mahagghaso: mahagghasa-, Adj.: overeating, greedy. It is a compound of:
    mahant-, Adj.: big, great, much. The compound form used here: maha-.
    ghasa-, Adj.: eating, eater.
Euphonic combination: maha- + ghasa- = mahagghasa-.
Nom.Sg. = mahagghaso.

ca, conj.: and.

List of Abbreviations

niddāyitā: niddāyitar-, N.m.: a sleepy person. It is derived from the word niddā-, N.f.: sleep. Nom.Sg.m. = niddāyitā.

samparivattasāyī: samparivattasāyin-, Adj.: rolling about while sleeping. It is a compound of
    samparivatta-, Adj.: rolling about, turning. It is derived from the verb root vat- (to turn) with the prefixes sam- (altogether) and pari- (around).
    sāyin-, Adj.: lying, sleeping. It is derived from the verb root sī- (to lie).
Nom.Sg.m. = samparivattasāyī.

mahāvarāho: mahāvarāha-, Adj.: big boar. It is a compound of:
    mahant-, Adj.: big, great. The compound form is mahā-.
    varāha-, N.m.: boar, wild pig.
Nom.Sg. = mahāvarāho.

va, part.: as, like.

List of Abbreviations

nivāpapuṭṭho: nivāpapuṭṭha-, Adj.: nourished by a lot of fodder. It is a compound of:
    nivāpa-, N.m.: fodder, food thrown to animals. It is derived from the verb root vap- (to throw) with the prefix ni- (down).
    puṭṭha-, Adj.: nourished, fed. It is a p.p. of the verb root pus- (to nourish).
Nom.Sg.m. = nivāpapuṭṭho.

punappunaṃ, Adv.: again and again. It is the word puna, Ind.: again, doubled in intensifying sense. The double -p- is a result of the euphonic combination.

gabbham: gabbha-, N.m.: womb. Acc.Sg. = gabbham.

upeti, V.: undergo, come to, approach. The verb root is i- (to go) with the prefix upa- (near). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = upeti.

mando: manda-, Adj.: slow, lazy, indolent. Nom.Sg.m. = mando.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
    1) middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca niddāyitā samparivattasāyī (if one is sluggish and eats too much, is sleepy and rolls about in his sleep). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is hoti (is, 3^rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). There are four objects, the noun niddāyitā (sleepy person, nominative singular) and the adjectives middhī (sluggish, nominative singular), mahagghaso (overeating, nominative singular) and samparivattasāyī (rolling about in sleep, nominative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects two of these objects. The relative adverb yadā (when) connects the sentence to the following one.
    2) mahāvarāho va nivāpapuṭṭho punappunaṃ gabbham upeti mando (such a lazy one is like a fat well fed hog - will be born again and again). This can be further analysed into the main sentence b) and the clause a):
    a) mahāvarāho va nivāpapuṭṭho (like a fat well fed hog). The subject is the compound mahāvarāho (big hog, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the compound nivāpapuṭṭho (fed on fodder, nominative singular). The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the subject of the main sentence.
    b) punappunaṃ gabbham upeti mando (such a lazy one will be born again and again). The subject is the adjective mando (lazy, nominative singular). The verb is upeti (goes, approaches, 3^rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the adverb punappunaṃ (again and again). The object is the noun gabbham (to womb, accusative singular).

    The king Pasenadi of Kosala once went to see the Buddha just after finishing an opulent meal. As a result, he was feeling drowsy and sleepy, could not concentrate on the Buddha's words and almost fell asleep. He apologized to the Buddha and told him about his heavy meal.
    The Buddha replied with this verse, saying that overeating creates discomfort. The king acted accordingly, ate less and became much healthier and more active.

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

middhī
yadā
hoti
mahagghaso
maha
ghaso
ca
niddāyitā
samparivattasāyī
samparivatta
sāyī
mahāvarāho
mahā
varāho
va
nivāpapuṭṭho
nivāpa
puṭṭho
punappunaṃ
puna
gabbham
upeti
mando