| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who in this world is conquered by this miserable thirst
and craving,
his sorrows grow, like grass after rains.
yaṃ
esā
sahate jammī
taṇhā
loke visattikā
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Rel.Pron.m. Pron.f. V.med.in.
Adj.f. N.f.
N.m. N.f.
Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
sokā
tassa pavaḍḍhanti abhivaṭṭhaṃ
va bīraṇaṃ
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N.m. Pron.m. V.act.in.
Adj.n. part. N.n.
Nom.Pl. Gen.Sg. 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Sg.
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yaṃ: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Acc.Sg.m. = yaṃ.
esā, Pron.: etad-, this. Nom.Sg.f = esā.
sahate, V.: overcomes, conquers, defeats. The verb
root is sah- (to conquer).
3.Sg.med.in.pres. = sahate.
jammī: jamma-, Adj.: miserable, wretched, contemptible. Nom.Sg.f. = jammī.
taṇhā: taṇhā-, N.f.: thirst, craving. Nom.Sg. = taṇhā.
loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.
List of Abbreviations
visattikā: visattikā-, N.f.: craving, lust, desire. It is a synonym of taṇhā. Nom.Sg. = visattikā.
sokā: soka-, N.m.: grief, sorrow. Nom.Pl. = sokā.
tassa: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Sg.m. = tassa.
pavaḍḍhanti,
V.: grow. The verb root is vaḍḍh-,
with the strengthening prefix pa-.
3.Pl.act.in.pres. = pavaḍḍhanti.
abhivaṭṭhaṃ: abhivaṭṭha-, Adj.: rained upon, watered. It is a p.p. of the verb root vas- (to rain) with the prefix abhi- (over). Nom.Sg.n. = abhivaṭṭhaṃ.
va, part.: as, like.
bīraṇaṃ: bīraṇa-, N.n.: Birana grass, a kind of fragrant grass. Nom.Sg. = bīraṇaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
related sentences. They are:
1) yaṃ
esā sahate jammī
taṇhā loke visattikā
(who in this world is conquered by this miserable thirst). There are two
subjects in this sentence, the nouns taṇhā
(thirst, nominative singular) and visattikā
(craving, nominative singular). They have two attributes, the adjective
jammī (miserable, nominative singular)
and the pronoun esā (this, nominative
singular). The verb is sahate (conquers, 3rd person,
singular, medium, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the
noun loke (in this world, locative singular). The object is the
relative pronoun yaṃ (whom, accusative
singular).
2) sokā
tassa pavaḍḍhanti abhivaṭṭhaṃ
va bīraṇaṃ
(his sorrows grow, like grass after rains). This can be further analysed
into the main sentence a) and the dependent clause b):
a) sokā
tassa pavaḍḍhanti (his sorrows grow).
The subject is the noun sokā (sorrows,
nominative plural). It has an attribute, the pronoun tassa (his,
genitive singular). The verb is pavaḍḍhanti
(grow, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
b) abhivaṭṭhaṃ
va bīraṇaṃ
(like grass after rains). The subject is the noun bīraṇaṃ
(Birana grass, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the past
participle abhivaṭṭhaṃ
(rained upon, nominative singular). The particle va (like) connects
the clause to the main sentence.
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 334) and the two following verses
(DhP 336 and DhP 337).
Thirst and craving are one of the
main roots of evil, origins of suffering. The more we are in power of craving,
the more suffering and sorrow will befall us. To cut off the craving in
our minds is to destroy all sorrow and suffering.
Word pronunciation:
yaṃ
esā
sahate
jammī
taṇhā
loke
visattikā
sokā
tassa
pavaḍḍhanti
abhivaṭṭhaṃ
va
bīraṇaṃ