Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
People followed by thirst crawl around like a captured
hare.
Therefore you should remove thirst and wish for being
free of passions yourselves.
tasiṇāya purakkhatā
pajā parisappanti saso
va bandhito
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N.f.
Adj.f. N.f. V.act.in.
N.m. part. Adj.m.
Ins.Sg. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres.
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List of Abbreviations
tasmā tasiṇaṃ
vinodaye ākaṅkhantaṃ
virāgam attano
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Pron. N.f.
V.caus.act. V.med.
N.m. Pron.m.
Abl.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
3.Pl.imp. Acc.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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tasiṇāya: tasiṇā-, N.f.: thirst, craving. It is a different form of the word taṇhā-, N.f. Ins.Sg. = tasiṇāya.
purakkhatā: purakkhata-, Adj.: honored, preferred. Here in the meaning of followed, encircled. Nom.Pl.f. = purakkhatā.
pajā: pajā-, N.f.: beings, people, mankind. Nom.Pl. = pajā.
parisappanti, V.: crawl, run about. The verb root is sap- (to crawl) with the prefix pari- (around). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = parisappanti.
saso: sasa-, N.m.: hare, rabbit. Nom.Sg. = saso.
va, part.: as, like.
bandhito: bandhita-, Adj.: bound, caught.
It is a p.p. of the verb root bandh- (to bind).
Nom.Sg.m. = bandhito.
List of Abbreviations
tasmā: tad-, Pron.: that. Abl.Sg. = tasmā (therefore, lit. "from that").
tasiṇaṃ: tasiṇā-, N.f.: see above. Acc.Sg. = tasiṇaṃ.
vinodaye, V.: [one] should remove, dispel, put away. It is a caus. of the verb root nud- (to expel) with the prefix vi- (away). 3.Sg.act.caus.opt. = vinodaye.
ākaṅkhantaṃ, V.: [people] should desire, wish for. The verb root is kaṅkh- (to look forward to, to desire) with the prefix ā- (towards). 3.Pl.med.imp. = ākaṅkhantaṃ.
virāgam: virāga-, N.m.: absence of desire, absence of passion. It is the word rāga-, N.m.: desire, passion, with the prefix vi- (away from, without). Acc.Sg. = virāgam.
attano: attan-, N.m./Pron.: self, oneself. Gen.Sg. = attano.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) tasiṇāya
purakkhatā pajā
parisappanti saso va bandhito (people followed by thirst crawl around
like a captured hare). This can be further analysed into the main sentence
a) and the dependent clause b):
a) tasiṇāya
purakkhatā pajā
parisappanti (people followed by thirst crawl around). The subject
is the noun pajā (people, nominative
plural). It has an attribute, the adjective purakkhatā
(followed, nominative plural) with its own attribute, the noun tasiṇāya
(by thirst, instrumental singular). The verb is parisappanti (crawl
around, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
b) saso va bandhito (like a
captured hare). The subject is the noun saso (hare, nominative singular).
It has an attribute, the past participle bandhito (captured, nominative
singular). The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the
main sentence.
2) tasmā
tasiṇaṃ vinodaye
ākaṅkhantaṃ
virāgam attano (therefore you should remove
thirst and wish for being free of passions yourselves). This can be further
analysed into two segments:
a) tasmā
tasiṇaṃ vinodaye
(therefore you should remove thirst). The subject is omitted; the verb
implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is vinodaye
(one should remove, 3rd person, singular, active, causative,
optative). The object is the noun tasiṇaṃ
(thirst, accusative singular). The pronoun tasmā
(therefore, ablative singular) introduces the sentence.
b) ākaṅkhantaṃ
virāgam attano (and wish for being free
of passions yourselves). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third
person plural pronoun. The verb is ākaṅkhantaṃ
([they] should wish for, 3rd person, plural, medium, imperative).
The object is the noun virāgam (absence
of desire, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun/pronoun
attano (one's own, genitive singular).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the five previous verses (DhP 338, DhP 339, DhP 340, DhP
341 and DhP 342).
Because of craving people "crawl around"
from existence into existence. Just like a captured hare tries very hard
to escape but the fetter is stronger, so it manages only to cut itself.
People also try to be free but do it the wrong way, only falling more and
more deeply into the snare of passions and repeated existence. The solution
is to remove all the passion and thirst and escape the snare of Samsara
forever.
Word pronunciation:
tasiṇāya
purakkhatā
pajā
parisappanti
saso
va
bandhito
tasmā
tasiṇaṃ
vinodaye
ākaṅkhantaṃ
virāgam
attano