| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
If a Brahmin is crossed over to the opposite shore in
regard of two things,
then all the bonds of such a knowing one disappear.
yadā
dvayesu dhammesu pāra+gū
hoti brāhmaṇo
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List of Abbreviations
atha assa sabbe
saṃyogā atthaṃ
gacchanti jānato
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Adv. Pron.m. Adj.m. N.m.
N.n. V.act.in. Adj.m.
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yadā, Rel.Adv.: when.
dvayesu: dvaya-, Adj.: two(fold). Loc.Pl.m. = dvayesu.
dhammesu: dhamma-, N.m.: here does not mean Buddha's teaching, but should be interpreted rather as "state" or even more generally "thing". Loc.Pl. = dhammesu.
pāragū:
pāragū-,
N.m.: gone to the other shore, crossed over, gone beyond. It is a compound
of:
pāra-,
N.n.: the opposite shore, the other side.
-gū-,
suf.: going, having gone. It is derived from the verb root gam-
(to go).
Nom.Sg. = pāragū.
hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhū- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.
brāhmaṇo: brāhmaṇa-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Nom.Sg. = brāhmaṇo.
atha, Adv.: then.
List of Abbreviations
assa: idam- Pron.: it. Gen.Sg.m. = assa
(his).
Euphonic combination: atha + assa = athassa.
sabbe: sabba-, Adj.: all, every. Nom.Pl.m. = sabbe.
saṃyogā: saṃyoga-, N.m.: bond, fetter. It is derived from the verb root yuj- (to bind) with the prefix saṃ- (together). Nom.Sg. = saṃyogā.
atthaṃ: attha-, N.n.: home, place of rest. Acc.Sg. = atthaṃ.
gacchanti, V.: goes. The verb root is gam-. 3.Pl.in.act.pres. = gacchanti. With the noun atthaṃ ("home"; as here): disappear, vanish, become extinct.
jānato: jānant-, Adj.: knowing, understanding. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root ñā- (to know). Gen.Sg.m. = jānato.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
related sentences. They are:
1) yadā
dvayesu dhammesu pāragū
hoti brāhmaṇo
(if a Brahmin is crossed over to the opposite shore in regard of two things).
The subject is the noun brāhmaṇo
(Brahmin, nominative singular). The verb is hoti (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the
adjective pāragū
(crossed to the [opposite] shore, nominative singular). It has an attribute,
the noun dhammesu (in things, locative plural). This word has also
an attribute, the adjective dvayesu (in twofold, locative plural).
The relative adverb yadā (when) connects
this sentence to the following one.
2) athassa sabbe saṃyogā
atthaṃ gacchanti jānato
(then all the bonds of such a knowing one disappear). The subject is the
noun saṃyogā
(bonds, nominative plural). It has three attributes, pronoun assa
(his, genitive singular), the adjective sabbe (all, nominative plural)
and the active present participle jānato
(of the knowing one, genitive singular). The verb is gacchanti (go,
3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the noun atthaṃ (to rest,
accusative singular). The adverb atha (then) connects this sentence
to the previous one.
A group of monks once came to see the
Buddha. Venerable Sāriputta perceived that
those monks were very close to attaining the Arahantship. Therefore he
approached the Buddha and asked him a question for the benefit of the monks.
He asked, what were the two things that can bring about the disappearance
of all bonds. The Buddha replied with this verse, adding that the two things
were the tranquility and the insight meditations.
Word pronunciation:
yadā
dvayesu
dhammesu
pāragū
pāra
gū
hoti
brāhmaṇo
atha
assa
sabbe
saṃyogā
atthaṃ
gacchanti
jānato