As a religion introduced from abroad, Chinese Buddhism in doctrine inherits and further expands the traditions of Mahayana philosophy. However, there had always been many problems concerning how to practice and deal with "vinaya" from India, where Buddhism originated, due to many original restrictions and subsequent limitations. Traditionally, there had been attempts to reform the religious discipline. but no revolutionary breakthrough had ever been achieved. Therefore, Master Yin-sun expressed his frustration toward the failed system of Chinese Buddhism. The dawn of the 20th century provided a new opportunity for religious reforms because of the collapse of Chinese imperialism and the establishment of the modern Republic of China. Master Tai-shi, the most influential Buddhism reformer in recent Chinese history, brought up the ides of "Reformation Theory of the System of Buddhist Hierarchy."Master Yin-sun voiced his deep regret over the fact that Nagajuna couldn't realize the ideal of establishing "Mahayana Bodhisattva Sangha". Master Yin-sun's opinion was echoed by several constructive examples in the Buddhism community after martial law was lifted in Taiwan. In the beginning, "Mahayana Bodhisattva Sangha as Modern Zen Society" stipulated a code of conduct, called "Zhong Meng Gui Zhui" or House rules of the Modern Zen Society, at the behest of Mahayana Bodhisattva Sangha. Moreover, it also launched fundamental re-evaluation and reform of Chinese Buddhism. This can be seen as a new chapter for the reform of Chinese Buddhism. This thesis will first explain the origin of "Mahayana Bodhisattva Sangha" and its innovative ole in Buddhist discipline to show the historical meaning of Modern Zen Society and its disciplines. Next, the thesis will elaborate on the views of Buddhist discipline of Modern Zen Society, including: (1) Shelve the ancient Indian discipline; (2) Combine discipline and modern values; (3) Discipline of the new era: open-mindedness and duty fulfillment; (4) Equality between lay Buddhists and monks; (5) The discipline of Modern Zen Society: House rules of the Modern Zen Society (Zhong Meng Gui Zhui); (6) Discipline through practice: 13-level disciplines; (7) Live and practice the new principles: Practitioner's Community. In conclusion, Modern Zen Society has emerged in the post-martial law era of Taiwan. A more diversified society today has provided new possibilities for the reform of Chinese Buddhism and its discipline. How powerful its future impacts will be depends on whether it can stand the test of time.
