受苦=suffering; 意義治療=logotherapy; 忍辱法門=patience dharma practice; 死亡恐懼=fear of death
摘要
本文從文獻複查整理受苦的意義及其在癌末病患臨終照顧的重要性，結合佛教的忍辱法門，以臨床實際個案為基礎分析，將癌末病人的苦的來源分為身苦、心苦、生苦、法苦、生法苦，又依據苦的表現分為可明示的苦與不可明示的苦。臨床上不可明示的苦常來自生法苦。單靠解決可明示的痛苦不能協助病患面對死亡，著眼於不可明示的苦的引導，才是靈性照顧協助病患脫困的關鍵。受苦的意義是要瞭解苦，對應每種苦的轉化其法門不同。西方文化以意義治療為癌末病患的受苦尋找出路，佛教則教導忍辱法門協助病患從生病中修行以克服死亡恐懼。本文分析六種忍的境界：身忍、心忍、生忍、法忍、生法忍、無生法忍，說明結合意義治療發展出的忍辱法門對臨終病人能產生更積極性的力量。 We would like to define the essence of suffering and its importance for terminal patient care by connecting patience-dharma-practice of Buddhism. By analyzing clinical cases, we divide the sufferings into five kinds: body, mental, living, behavior, acclimation. The former four can be recognized while the latter not. Merely to solve those recognized sufferings is unable to help terminal patient escape from the fear of death. Mostly important, we need to stress on the unrecognized and invisible suffering and support them with spiritual care. The essence of suffering is to approach and it, and there are many different ways for people in the Western and Eastern. For Western, they seek for the way out with logotherapy that combines both scientific and spiritual levels to help terminal patient from fear of death. For Buddhhist, we lead them with patience-dhama-practice of Buddhism for conquering the fear of death. In this article, there are six patience applied for body, mental, living, behavior, acclimation, and non-acclimation. We would like to reinforce the strong power generated by combining logotherapy and patience dharma practice for terminal patient.
