At the time of the Buddha, the Jainas are known as practitioners of severe hardships. The Jaina practices of austerities are constantly brought up in Buddhist Suttas. In general, the Jaina are classified by the Buddha as tapassin (one devoted to religious austerities).
I. Inroduction 111 II. nigantho cātu-yāma-samvara-samvuto hoti 113 III. Jiana tapas observed from without and within 132 IV. Jianism and Buddhism in interaction 141 Conclusion 147
