With a history stretching back to ancient India, Buddhism has influenced American culture since the American Transcendentalist movement in the 1830s and '40s. Only in the past few decades, however, has this transplanted philosophy begun to blossom into a full-fledged American religion, made up of three broad groups: a burgeoning Asian immigrant population, numerous native-born converts, and old-line Asian American Buddhists. In Buddhism in America, religious historian Richard Seager offers a perceptive and engaging portrait of the communities, institutions, practices, and individuals that are integral to the contemporary Buddhist landscape.
The book begins with a brief survey of Buddhist beliefs -- the story of the Buddha's life, the meaning of enlightenment, realization, the cultivation of nonattachment, and other core concepts -- and Buddhist history in both Asia and the United States. In part 2, Seager presents six well-crafted profiles of Buddhist traditions that have been brought to the United States from Japan, Tibet, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. This section highlights challenges and problems that have come with transporting and adapting an Asian religion to late twentieth-century America: Who can teach and who can lead? What are the proper roles of laypeople and monks in a society lacking a strong monastic tradition?
The last section takes up the general theme of Americanization, looking at recent developments in three important areas -- gender equity, progressive social change, and intra-Buddhist and interreligious dialogue. Arguing that the gulf between recent converts and new immigrant communities is the most prominent feature of the contemporary scene, Seager assesses American Buddhism as a whole and looks into its future: Will the dharma, traditional Buddhist teachings, be watered down to suit the lifestyles of middle-class, consumerist Americans? Will this highly decentralized religion develop strong national associations, as Catholicism and Judaism have? What institutions -- universities, monasteries, or dharma centers run by and for laypeople -- will be most effective in preserving and developing an American Buddhist tradition? This lucid survey lays the foundations for understanding one of the United States' most vital new religions.
目次
Introduction ix Part One: Background Chapter 1. The American Buddhist Landscape 3 Chapter 2. Very Basic Buddhism 12 Chapter 3. The Three Vehicles 20 Chapter 4. The American Setting 33 Part Two: Major Traditions Chapter 5. Jodo Shinshu: America's Old-Line Buddhists 51 Chapter 6. Soka Gakkai and Its Nichiren Humanism 70 Chapter 7. Zen and Its Flagship Institutions 90 Chapter 8. The Tibetan Milieu 113 Chapter 9. The Theravada Spectrum 136 Chapter 10. Other Pacific Rim Migrations 158 Part Three: Selected Issues Chapter 11. Gender Equity 185 Chapter 12. Socially Engaged Buddhism 201 Chapter 13. Intra-Buddhist and Interreligious Dialogue 216 Chapter 14. Making Some Sense of Americanization 232 Profiles 249 Chronology 267 Notes 271 Glossary 279 Resources for the Study of American Buddhism 285 Index 295
