第四屆中華國際佛學會議 -- 「佛教與廿一世紀」=The Fourth Chung Hwa International Conference on Buddhism: The Role of Buddhism in the 21st Century
出版日期
2002.01.19
頁次
15
出版者
中華佛學研究所=The Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
出版地
臺北縣, 臺灣 [Taipei hsien, Taiwan]
資料類型
會議論文=Proceeding Article
使用語言
中文=Chinese
附註項
第四屆中華國際佛學會議 -- 「佛教與廿一世紀」, 法鼓山中華佛學研究所主辦, 2002年1月18-20日, 中央研究院學術活動中心. The Fourth Chung Hwa International Conference on Buddhism:The Role of Buddhism in the 21st Century, Organized by Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies, DDMBA; January 18-20, 2002, Auditorium of Acemic Activity Center, Acemia Sinica.
關鍵詞
佛教與廿一世紀=Buddhism in 21st Century; Buddhist Monastic Rules; 應捨; Nissaraniya; Nihsaraniya; 比丘尼; 戒律=Precepts=Vinaya=Sila; 僧殘; 僧伽婆尸沙; 巴利=Pali; Bhikkhuni; Samghaadisesa; Buddhist Monastic Discipline; Patimokkha
The second chapter of the Patimokkha, the Samantapasadika, is less strict than the Parajika rules, which pertains to offenses allowing no repentance. The offender against Samantapasadika rules can return to purity by getting rid of the offenses through some formal procedures. However,in comparing the same chapters of both the Bhikkhu- and Bhikkhuni-Patimokkha in the various recensions, we find in four recensions of the Bhikkhuni-Patimokkha an additional phrase,"should be relinquished" in the case of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya. But the canonical commentary gives not explanation of this phrase. Its meaning and reference thus remain unclear,and seem not to have been investigated before.
The same problem occurs in the corresponding text of the Pali recension. The canonical commentary includes a gloss on this phrase (nissaraniya in Pali),but it is ambiguous and unclear due to its brevity:it could mean either that the offending Bhikkhuni should be banished or that the offense itself should be removed. Buddhaghosa's gloss in the Samantapasadika is controversial in that he insists that the reference is to the offending Bhikkhuni herself,rather than the offense. The insistent tone he adopts suggests that there was disagreement on this point in contemporary Buddhism.
This essay starts with an inquiry into the Samghaadisesa Chapter of the Pali Bhikkhuni Vinaya. Before getting to the crucial point,I shall firstly investigate,base on the part of the Khandhaka, the nature of the Samghaadisesa rules, the prescribed punishments for the offenders, and the conditions and methods for their return to purity thereafter. This investigation is necessary for understanding the problems we shall be facing in the following study. The term nissaraniya appears at the end of the Bhikkhuni-Patimokkha, but not in the Bhikkhu counterpart. According to the Samantapasadika, nissaraniya definitely means banishment of the offending Bhikkhuni from the Samgha, but this specification goes beyond what is determined in the Vinaya. Hence this addition to the Bhikkhuni Samghaadisesa rules seems to represent extra punishment,which would be in clear conflict with the prescriptions for an offense of this sort. What does this conflict signify?
A comparison of the Chinese and other recensions of the text seems to have confirmed the above-mentioned disagreement hinted at in the Samantapasadika. Addition of a new expression appears in four of the various recensi