第四屆中華國際佛學會議 -- 「佛教與廿一世紀」=The Fourth Chung Hwa International Conference on Buddhism: The Role of Buddhism in the 21st Century
出版日期
2002.01.19
頁次
13
出版者
中華佛學研究所=The Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
出版地
臺北縣, 臺灣 [Taipei hsien, Taiwan]
資料類型
會議論文=Proceeding Article
使用語言
中文=Chinese
附註項
第四屆中華國際佛學會議 -- 「佛教與廿一世紀」, 法鼓山中華佛學研究所主辦, 2002年1月18-20日, 中央研究院學術活動中心. The Fourth Chung Hwa International Conference on Buddhism：The Role of Buddhism in the 21st Century, Organized by Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies, DDMBA; January 18-20, 2002, Auditorium of Acemic Activity Center, Acemia Sinica.
關鍵詞
佛教與廿一世紀=Buddhism in 21st Century; 心性說; 禪宗=Zen Buddhism=Zazen Buddhism=Chan Buddhism=Son Buddhism
Contemporary Buddhism evolves from Primitive Buddhism. That is to say there has been an evolution of thought from the dualism between "mind" (ignorance or deluded consciousness) and Buddha to the Tathagata-garbha theory of Chinese Buddhism which suggests the oneness of mind and Buddha by insisting "Mind itself is Buddha itself". This evolution realizes the transition from negation to affirmation as regards followers and their mind. But，before Patriarch Hui Neng，the "mind" as suggested by the Tathagatagarbha theory refers to the true of Buddhahood. Then，the dualism between true mind and deluded mind is still the Buddhist fundamental expression. Judged from a non-Buddhist standpoint，this dualism can be also regarded as the dualism between the original true world and the experiential world. The experiential world，as the imagination of deluded mind，is still negated.
After Hui Neng，the Chinese Ch'an School stated that "Ordinary mind is the Way." "Ordinary mind" refers to the mind which manifests naturally in "walking，standing，sitting，and lying; interaction with people and outside world" in followers' experiential life. The "Way" refers to both the ultimate goal of practice (noble truth of the cessation of sufferings) and the fundamental path of practice (noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of sufferings). From the perspective of ultimate pursuit，the theory of "Ordinary mind is the Way" actually includes the total acceptance and affirmation of daily life world. From the perspective of the ultimate goal being the inclusion and dissolution of practice methods, the theory breaks down the duality between the metaphysical original true world and the physical experiential world，and thus renders the status of original true to daily life.
The pre-Chin original Confucianism affirms the emotional interaction of human daily life. This differs from Primitive Buddhism. However，the Confucianists of Sung and Ming Dynasties adopted the Buddhist way of thinking. In constructing the metaphysics of Confucianism，the process is almost similar to the evolution of Buddhism：The li-ism (science of reason) of Chen-yi and Chu-hsi strongly asserts on the dualism between li (reason) and chi (life energy)，tien ming tzi hsion (the essence of heavenly life) and chi tze tzi hsion (the essence of disposition)，and debases the latter ones. This deprecates the experiential existence and its corresponding emotional mind，and determines that the ultimate goal is on the other shore. The hsin-ism (science of mind) of Lu Kiou-yuan and Wang Yang-ming suggests that "Mind is reason." Though it has returned to the original mind，and thus negates that "The goal of ultimate pursuit is on the other shore"，it still neglects the emotional life when it makes dualism between "hsin" (mind) and "yi" (idea)，and insists that origin
