牛頭禪; 禪宗=Zen Buddhism=Zazen Buddhism=Chan Buddhism=Son Buddhism; 法融; 念佛法門; Niu-tou Zen; Fa Rong's; Zen Buddhism; Vipasana Recitation
摘要
禪宗自謂教外別傳，說是靈山會上，如來拈花，迦葉微笑，即是付法. 迦葉遂為印度禪宗始祖. 秘密相傳，以至二十七祖般若多羅授法于菩提達磨. 菩提達磨于梁武帝時來華，是為中國禪宗始祖. 達磨傳慧可，慧可傳曾璨，曾璨傳道信，道信傳弘忍，弘忍傳慧能. 慧能世稱禪宗六祖，與其同學神秀分為南北二宗. 這便是禪宗定祖之大略. 這條線上的禪宗傳燈，學界已談得很多，本文想談談從道信這裡旁出一枝的牛頭禪. Niu-tou Zen presents itself to be a cult of non-official succession. Jia-ye found the Zen Buddhism in India with Buddha plucking a flower. Then Jia-ye handed the cult secretly to his successor. The twenty-seventh patriarch of Zen Buddhism was Da-mo，who came to China, became the founder of Chinese Zen Buddhism and handed it to Hui-ke，who handed to Hung-ren，who handed it to Zen-can，who handed it to Dao-xin，who handed it to Hung-ren，who handed it to Hui-neng. Hui-neng was called the sixth patriarch, who divided Zen Buddhism into the northern Zen and the southern Zen with his fellow adherent Shen-xiu. This is the sketch of the succession of Zen Buddhism，which the academics have talked a lot about. In this paper ，we wish to talk about the subcult of Zen Buddhism founded by Dao-xin，Niu-tou Zen.
