從絕對無到空的哲學 -- 從京都學派內部思想談西谷啟治《宗教是什麼》的成立脈絡與立場=From Absolute Nothingness to the Philosophy of Sunyata: Exploring the context and standpoint of Nishitani Keiji's Religion and Nothingness from Kyoto School's persective
作者陳一標為玄奘大學宗教學系副教授=As so cia te Profes sor, Department of Religious Studies, Hsuan Chuang University)，吳翠華為元智大學應用外語系副教授(=As soci at e Profes sor, Department of Foreign Languages & Applied Linguistics, Yuan Ze University
Nishitani Keiji’s great work Religion and Nothingness, published in 1961, is to be praised as the most important representative work of the Kyoto School after World War II. Facing the problems about the nihilism of western philosophy, the world view of modern natural science and the personal God of Christianity, Nishitani tries to resolve the cleavage and contradiction among man, nature and God, rising in the modern civilization, to overcome modernity from his philosophy of fundamental subjectivity. On the line of development of Kyoto School, Nishitani inherits Nishida Kitaro’s philosophy of absolute nothingness and Watanabe Hajime’s philosophy of logic of species and presents his philosophy of Sunyata further. Nishida starts his thinking from the direct and vertical relation between self and the transcendental dimension and directly discloses the place of absolute nothingness. Whereas Watanabe takes society, nation, original sin and confession, which belong to the area of the secular knowledge and don’t touch the transcendental dimension directly, as the absolute media to reach the absolute nothingness of religion finally. Nishitani makes use of the two different ways of approach (vertical way and horizontal way) to the absolute nothingness and establishes his standpoint of Sunyata. This study tries to explore the context which Nishita’s philosophical concepts “pure intuition”, “the place of the absolute nothingness” originated from. Then the study also tries to clarify the difference between Watanabe’s logic of species, philosophy of Meta-noetic and Nishita’s philosophy, and to enunciate the difference among the three standpoints “the place of consciousness”, “the place of nihilism” and “the place of Sunyata,” and how they are distinguished in Nishitani’s philosophy. Finally, the study elaborates why Nishitani’s Sunyata philosophy can be estimated to be equal to the “realm of no obstruction between individual phenomena” mentioned by Chinese Buddhist Hwa-yen School, which is beyond the “realm of no obstruction between principle and phenomena”.
