Author Affiliations: Department of the Study of Religions, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London, WC1H OXG, UK
This article is dedicated to Karel Werner.
關鍵詞
Ascetic body; Power; Sacred matter; Relics; Stūpas; Jaina karman theory; Theory of pariṇāma; Theory of multiple causation; Principle of the excluded third; do-kiriyiyā-vāya; terāsiyā-vāya; cattara-bhaṃgā
摘要
The article examines a fundamental problem in classical Jaina philosophy, namely, the ontological status of dead matter in the hylozoistic and at the same time dualistic Jaina worldview. This question is of particular interest in view of the widespread contemporary Jaina practice of venerating bone relics and stūpas of prominent saints. The main argument proposed in this article is, that, from a classical doctrinal point of view, bone relics of renowned ascetics are valuable for Jainas, if at all, because of their unique physical attributes, rather than the presumed presence of the deceased in the remains as posited in much of the extant literature on relic worship across cultures. The specific focus of the article are Jaina and non-Jaina explanations of the qualities of special matter in terms of karmic and natural processes of transformation.
目次
Ascetic Power and Karman 125 Objectified Ascetic Power 130 The Question of the Power of Relics 133 Formation of the Body 135 Embodied Pure and Auspicious Matter 138 Disembodied Pure and Auspicious Matter 139 Temporary Bodies Created by Ascetics 141 Substance and Mode 145 Modes of Material Transformation 147 Dead Bodies and Relics 152 The Material Qualities of Bone Relics After Cremation 153 Enduring Power of Body-Parts Outside the Body and Transfer of Power 155 Perception and Reappropriation of Karmically Transformed Particles 156 Final Karman, Final Body 157 The Excluded Third in Classical Jaina Ontology 159 Concluding Observations: The Ascetic Body and its Remains 166
