Freer Gallery of Art, The Smithsonian Institution and Department of the History of Art, University of Michigan
出版地
Michigan, US [密西根州, 美國]
資料類型
期刊論文=Journal Article
使用語言
英文=English
附註項
Author affliation: The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art
摘要
Beginning in the nineteenth century, many forgeries, along with genuine works, entered the collections in Japan, Europe, and North America. The creators of these forgeries were not artists trained in Buddhist artistic traditions, and they did not fully understand traditional Chinese Buddhist art. However, their works reveal some of the methods that the Chinese used to make forgeries over the centuries. Comparing the stylistic and iconographie characteristics of early forgeries with that of genuine pieces, this essay discusses both the motivation for and the standard methods of forging Chinese Buddhist sculptures. These methods address pieces with elements that do not follow the iconographie "rules" in Chinese Buddhism and Buddhist art, works with two or more different styles that are not contemporary, pieces with spurious archaic inscriptions, and forged works with a folk aesthetic style. These methods are still useful for identifying most contemporary forged pieces produced from 1990s onward, except for the exact high-quality imitations of genuine images. This research will help scholars and collectors identify forged Chinese Buddhist sculptures in certain collections, avoid acquiring them, and prevent them from being such a source of confusion for scholars doing research in the future.
目次
Motivation for Making Forged Chinese Buddhist Sculptures 81 Following Iconographic “Rules” or Not 85 The Principles of Sutras 85 Compositions of Images 86 Costumes of Figures 87 Ornamentation of Bodhisattvas 88 Combining Different Styles that Are Not Contemporary 90 Carving Spurious Archaic Inscriptions 92 Genuine Pieces with Spurious Archaic Inscriptions 93 Forged Pieces with Spurious Archaic Inscriptions 95 Imitating Famous Inscriptions 96 Inscriptions Disobey Subjects 99 Folk Pieces or Forgeries? 100 Regarding Contemporary High-Quality Forgeries 103 Epilogue 104
