Based on the Dunhuang manuscripts, the present paper deals with the Buddhist,customs of first month of the each Lunar Year in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Main ceremonies are follows: 1. Zhai-ri-she-yue 齋日設樂，namely playing music in monasteries; 2. si-men-she-tan 四門設壇，i. e. setting up places for teaching, learning, or practicing Buddhism in four gates of Dunhuang city; 3. An-san-xuan-cheng 安傘旋城,or putting white umbrellas surrounding the Dunhuang city,and so on. They are originally religious ceremonies. Lately, the ceremonies were introced into the folk festi- vals in Dunhuang and other areas in the course of time. This is an example what the religions gave their influences on civil society.
