Focusing on the wall paintings of the Dharma-dhātu-vāgivaramandala in Dung-dkar Cave 1,this study sorts out the Tibetan documents about this kind of mandala and presents a comparison of both the texts and the iconographies,so as to clarify the relationship between the iconographies of Dharma-dhātu-vāgivaramandala dominated by a four-headed eight-armed white Manjusri image,which was popular in western Tibet from the early 11th century to the middle of the 12th century,and the texts they were based on.
