唐、北宋時期中日佛教文化交流考 -- 以天臺山與比叡山為主=Cultural Exchanges between Chinese and Japanese Buddhism in Early Song Dynasty--A study focusing on Mount Tiantai and Mount Hie
The history of Buddhist cultural interaction between China and Japan is considered to commence with Japanese Prince Shotoku’s sending embassy to imperial China during Sui Dynasty. Later in Tang Dynasty, there were a total of thirteen embassies dispatched. All these ambassadors served an important role of conducting students and Buddhist monks to China. In addition, there were records in literature about monks riding trading ships to China and businessmen fulfilling requests from monks. Later in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty, the number of Japanese monks visiting China decreased sharply. Among them, there was Jakusho (962-1034), a Japanese monk in the author’s doctoral dissertation study about Tiantai’s Ciyun Zunshi (964-1032), who brought from Japan two scriptures that were lost during Northern Song Dynasty: four rolls of “Da-sheng-zhi-guan-fa-men, The Dharma Door of Mahayana Samatha-vipassana” and one roll of “Fang-deng-san-mei-xing-fa, The Practice of Fang-Deng Samadhi”. Receiving the gift from Jakusho, Zunshi had the scriptures republished and included them in the Tiantai literature.
